Gebresenbet Eden Alemayehu, Zegeye Samson, Biratu Tolesa Diriba
Medical Doctor and Psychiatrist, Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
School of Public Health, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Front Psychiatry. 2025 Mar 7;16:1447232. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1447232. eCollection 2025.
Stress-related disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are expected to be the leading cause of global mortality and morbidity by 2030. However, there is limited information on the prevalence of depression and PTSD among trauma patients in Ethiopia. Our study was aimed at determining the prevalence of depression and PTSD and factors affecting it among trauma patients.
A hospital-based, multi-centered, cross-sectional study was conducted among 621 patients who visited the trauma outpatient clinic from April to June 2023. The stratified random sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were collected using standardized and pretested structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Post-traumatic stress disorder was measured by the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Data were analyzed using STATA version 14.1. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between outcome and independent variables. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
In this study, 621 study participants were involved, with a response rate of 100%. More than half (55%) of the participants were male. The participants' median age was 32 years, and the interquartile range (IQR) ranged from 25 to 43 years. The prevalence of depression was 35.4% (95% CI: 31.65-39.2), and the prevalence of PTSD was 14.2% (95% CI: 11.4-16.9). In multivariable analysis, being female (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.05-2.35), having no formal education (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.01- 2.85), having a low income (AOR = 4.5, 95% CI: 1.93-10.70), and having poor social Support (AOR=2.04, 95% CI 1.34-3.10) and multiple traumatic events (AOR=7.2, 95% CI: 4.1-12.7) were significant predictors of depression. For post-traumatic stress disorder, being female (AOR=2.7, 95% CI 1.46-5.06), no formal education (AOR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.25-5.46), urban residency (AOR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.14-3.90), having depression (AOR=7.01, 95% CI: 3.65-13.46), and multiple traumatic events (AOR=8.08, 95% CI: 2.83-23.14) were the associated factors identified.
The study revealed high levels of depression and post- traumatic stress disorder among trauma patients. Targeted interventions addressing socio-demographic disparities, such as income and education levels, alongside psychosocial support, are imperative.
与压力相关的疾病，如创伤后应激障碍（PTSD），预计到2030年将成为全球死亡和发病的主要原因。然而，埃塞俄比亚创伤患者中抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍患病率的相关信息有限。我们的研究旨在确定创伤患者中抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍的患病率及其影响因素。
2023年4月至6月期间，在621名前往创伤门诊就诊的患者中开展了一项基于医院的多中心横断面研究。采用分层随机抽样技术选取参与者。通过标准化且经过预测试的结构化问卷和面对面访谈收集数据。使用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版创伤后应激障碍检查表（PCL-5）测量创伤后应激障碍，通过患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）评估抑郁症。使用STATA 14.1版软件进行数据分析。采用双变量和多变量逻辑回归模型检验结局与自变量之间的关联。P值小于0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
本研究纳入621名研究参与者，应答率为100%。超过半数（55%）的参与者为男性。参与者的年龄中位数为32岁，四分位间距（IQR）为25至43岁。抑郁症患病率为35.4%（95%置信区间：31.65 - 39.2），创伤后应激障碍患病率为14.2%（95%置信区间：11.4 - 16.9）。在多变量分析中，女性（比值比[AOR]=1.58，95%置信区间：1.05 - 2.35）、未接受正规教育（AOR = 1.7，95%置信区间：1.01 - 2.85）、低收入（AOR = 4.5，95%置信区间：1.93 - 10.70）、社会支持差（AOR = 2.04，95%置信区间1.34 - 3.10）以及经历多次创伤事件（AOR = 7.2，95%置信区间：4.1 - 12.7）是抑郁症的显著预测因素。对于创伤后应激障碍，女性（AOR = 2.7，95%置信区间1.46 - 5.06）、未接受正规教育（AOR = 2.61，95%置信区间：1.25 - 5.46）、城市居住（AOR = 2.11，95%置信区间：1.14 - 3.90）、患有抑郁症（AOR = 7.01，95%置信区间：3.65 - 13.46）以及经历多次创伤事件（AOR = 8.08，95%置信区间：2.83 - 23.14）是已确定的相关因素。
该研究揭示创伤患者中抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍的发生率较高。必须采取有针对性的干预措施，解决社会人口学差异问题，如收入和教育水平，并提供心理社会支持。
