Wachamo Demelash, Geleta Dereje, Woldesemayat Endrias Markos
Hawassa College of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020 Oct 15;13:2169-2177. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S276955. eCollection 2020.
Hypertension (HTN) is a major public health problem and often it is unnoticed. Undiagnosed HTN may lead to a high burden of cardiovascular diseases and complications such as stroke and heart attack. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed HTN.
From February to June 2019, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 383 randomly selected adults in Hawela Tulla Sub-city, Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. Data were collected by pretested questionnaires, and physical measurements of weight, height and blood pressure were collected through standardized procedures adapted from WHO STEPS survey tools. Data entry and analysis were carried out using SPSS version 23 statistical software. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression models were used to describe the results. Logistic regression analysis results were declared statistically significant if the -value was below 0.05 and the 95% CI did not cross the null value.
The prevalence of undiagnosed HTN among the respondents was 12.3%. Only 152 (39.7%) of the study population knew the symptoms of HTN. Males (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =2.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 5.2; =0.016), people with a family history of HTN (AOR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.0, 7.0; = 0.044), people who chewed khat (AOR=4.6, 95% CI: 2.0, 10.2; <0.001), overweight or obese individuals (AOR=3.5, 95% CI: 1.7, 7.3; =0.001) and people with diabetes mellitus (AOR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 9.3; =0.036) had a higher risk of undiagnosed HTN than their counterparts.
Identification of people with the risk factors of undiagnosed HTN and delivering health education to reduce the risky behaviors could reduce the burden and consequences of HTN. Integrating interventions at the community level may be important.
高血压是一个主要的公共卫生问题，且常常未被察觉。未被诊断出的高血压可能导致心血管疾病及中风和心脏病发作等并发症的高负担。在本研究中，我们旨在评估未被诊断出的高血压的患病率及相关因素。
2019年2月至6月，在埃塞俄比亚南部哈瓦萨市哈韦拉图拉次城对383名随机选取的成年人进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。通过预先测试的问卷收集数据，并通过采用世界卫生组织（WHO）“ 逐步调查”工具改编的标准化程序收集体重、身高和血压的身体测量数据。使用SPSS 23版统计软件进行数据录入和分析。采用描述性分析和逻辑回归模型来描述结果。如果P值低于0.05且95%置信区间不包含零值，则逻辑回归分析结果被判定为具有统计学意义。
受访者中未被诊断出的高血压患病率为12.3%。研究人群中只有152人（39.7%）知晓高血压的症状。男性（调整后的优势比[AOR]=2.5，95%置信区间：1.2，5.2；P=0.016）、有高血压家族史的人（AOR=2.7，95%置信区间：1.0，7.0；P = 0.044）、咀嚼恰特草的人（AOR=4.6，95%置信区间：2.0，10.2；P<0.001）、超重或肥胖个体（AOR=3.5，95%置信区间：1.7，7.3；P=0.001）以及糖尿病患者（AOR=3.2，95%置信区间：1.1，9.3；P=0.036）未被诊断出高血压的风险高于其对应人群。
识别有未被诊断出的高血压风险因素的人群并开展健康教育以减少危险行为，可减轻高血压的负担和后果。在社区层面整合干预措施可能很重要。
