Solbana Lencho Kajela, Chaka Eshetu Ejeta, Tola Diriba Etana
Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences Assosa University Assosa Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health Ambo University Ambo Ethiopia.
Health Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 13;6(11):e1696. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1696. eCollection 2023 Nov.
Early identification and treatment of hypertension could lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases; which share the largest proportion of death. The findings of previous studies done in Ethiopia on undiagnosed hypertension were inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed hypertension among adults in Ethiopia.
A protocol with registration number CRD42023395445 was registered to Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A comprehensive search of observational studies done on undiagnosed hypertension was identified in PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Hinari databases, and other sources available until January 10, 2023. The quality of the identified studies using the set criteria and necessary data was extracted and exported to R version 4.2.3 and STATA version 15.0 for analysis. The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors were identified. The risk of bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger's test. The findings were presented using tables, figures, and statements. This study was not funded by any organization.
Eleven studies having 6132 participants were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16-27). In subanalysis, according to the American Heart Association ( ≥ 130/80 mmHg), the pooled prevalence was 29% (95% CI: 18-40). However, according to the International Society of Hypertension ( ≥ 140/90), the pooled prevalence was 16% (95% CI: 13-20).Sex (AOR = 2.49, 1.48-3.49), age ≥55 years (AOR = 2.68, 1.16-4.21), alcohol drinking (AOR = 2.68, 1.68-3.69), body mass index ≥25 kg/m (AOR = 2.62, 1.77-3.48), and high triglyceride levels (AOR = 1.87, 1.22-2.51) were significantly associated with it.
In Ethiopia, about one in five adults ≥ 18 years has undiagnosed hypertension; therefore raising public awareness for medical checkups, early hypertension detection, and treatment is suggested. However, these findings cannot be generalized to pediatrics.
早期识别和治疗高血压可降低心血管疾病风险；心血管疾病在死亡原因中占比最大。此前在埃塞俄比亚进行的关于未诊断高血压的研究结果并不一致。因此，本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在评估埃塞俄比亚成年人中未诊断高血压的患病率及其相关因素。
一项注册号为CRD42023395445的方案已在系统评价前瞻性注册库（PROSPERO）注册。对截至2023年1月10日在PubMed、谷歌学术、考克兰图书馆、Hinari数据库及其他可用来源中进行的关于未诊断高血压的观察性研究进行全面检索。使用既定标准对纳入研究的质量进行评估，并提取必要数据，导出至R版本4.2.3和STATA版本15.0进行分析。确定未诊断高血压及其相关因素的合并患病率。使用漏斗图和埃格检验评估偏倚风险。研究结果以表格、图表和陈述形式呈现。本研究未获得任何组织的资助。
分析纳入了11项研究，共6132名参与者。未诊断高血压的合并患病率为21%（95%置信区间[CI]：16 - 27）。在亚组分析中，根据美国心脏协会标准（收缩压≥130/舒张压≥80 mmHg），合并患病率为29%（95% CI：18 - 40）。然而，根据国际高血压学会标准（收缩压≥140/舒张压≥90），合并患病率为16%（95% CI：13 - 20）。性别（比值比[AOR]=2.49，1.48 - 3.49）、年龄≥55岁（AOR = 2.68，1.16 - 4.21）、饮酒（AOR = 2.68，1.68 - 3.69）、体重指数≥25 kg/m²（AOR = 2.62，1.77 - 3.48）以及高甘油三酯水平（AOR = 1.87，1.22 - 2.51）与之显著相关。
在埃塞俄比亚，每五名18岁及以上成年人中约有一人患有未诊断高血压；因此建议提高公众对体检、早期高血压检测和治疗的认识。然而，这些结果不能推广到儿科人群。
