Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Biosensors (Basel). 2020 Oct 27;10(11):155. doi: 10.3390/bios10110155.
Lymphocytes (B, T and natural killer cells) and immunoglobulins are essential for the adaptive immune response against external pathogens. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) kits are the gold standards to detect immunoglobulins, B cells and T cells, whereas the impedance measurement is the most used technique for natural killer cells. For point-of-care, fast and low-cost devices, biosensors could be suitable for the reliable, stable and reproducible detection of immunoglobulins and lymphocytes. In the literature, such biosensors are commonly fabricated using antibodies, aptamers, proteins and nanomaterials, whereas electrochemical, optical and piezoelectric techniques are used for detection. This review describes how these measurement techniques and transducers can be used to fabricate biosensors for detecting lymphocytes and the total content of immunoglobulins. The various methods and configurations are reported, along with the advantages and current limitations.
淋巴细胞（B 细胞、T 细胞和自然杀伤细胞）和免疫球蛋白对于针对外部病原体的适应性免疫反应至关重要。流式细胞术和酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）试剂盒是检测免疫球蛋白、B 细胞和 T 细胞的金标准，而阻抗测量是用于自然杀伤细胞的最常用技术。对于即时、快速和低成本的设备，生物传感器可能适合可靠、稳定和可重复地检测免疫球蛋白和淋巴细胞。在文献中，此类生物传感器通常使用抗体、适体、蛋白质和纳米材料制造，而电化学、光学和压电技术则用于检测。本文综述了这些测量技术和换能器如何用于制造用于检测淋巴细胞和总免疫球蛋白含量的生物传感器。报告了各种方法和配置，以及优点和当前的局限性。
