Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, NY 13676, USA.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Dec 27;22(1):161. doi: 10.3390/s22010161.
In recent years, the need for simple, fast, and economical detection of food and environmental contaminants, and the necessity to monitor biomarkers of different diseases have considerably accelerated the development of biosensor technology. However, designing biosensors capable of simultaneous determination of two or more analytes in a single measurement, for example on a single working electrode in single solution, is still a great challenge. On the other hand, such analysis offers many advantages compared to single analyte tests, such as cost per test, labor, throughput, and convenience. Because of the high sensitivity and scalability of the electrochemical detection systems on the one hand and the specificity of aptamers on the other, the electrochemical aptasensors are considered to be highly effective devices for simultaneous detection of multiple-target analytes. In this review, we describe and evaluate multi-label approaches based on (1) metal quantum dots and metal ions, (2) redox labels, and (3) enzyme labels. We focus on recently developed strategies for multiplex sensing using electrochemical aptasensors. Furthermore, we emphasize the use of different nanomaterials in the construction of these aptasensors. Based on examples from the existing literature, we highlight recent applications of multiplexed detection platforms in clinical diagnostics, food control, and environmental monitoring. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the aptasensors developed so far, and debate possible challenges and prospects.
近年来，人们对简单、快速、经济地检测食品和环境污染物的需求，以及对监测不同疾病生物标志物的必要性，极大地加速了生物传感器技术的发展。然而，设计能够在单次测量中同时测定两种或更多分析物的生物传感器，例如在单个工作电极上在单个溶液中，仍然是一个巨大的挑战。另一方面，与单分析物测试相比，这种分析具有许多优势，例如测试成本、劳动力、通量和便利性。由于电化学检测系统的高灵敏度和可扩展性以及适体的特异性，电化学适体传感器被认为是同时检测多种目标分析物的高效装置。在这篇综述中，我们描述和评估了基于（1）金属量子点和金属离子、（2）氧化还原标记物和（3）酶标记物的多标签方法。我们重点介绍了最近使用电化学适体传感器进行多路传感的策略。此外，我们强调了在这些适体传感器的构建中使用不同的纳米材料。基于现有文献中的例子，我们突出了多路检测平台在临床诊断、食品控制和环境监测中的最新应用。最后，我们讨论了迄今为止开发的适体传感器的优缺点，并探讨了可能的挑战和前景。
