Song Yuqing, Liu Zhaorui, Chen Hongguang, Guo Qi, Huang Yueqin
Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2020 Oct 23;16:2449-2457. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S264775. eCollection 2020.
Previous surveys have shown an increase in the prevalence of depression among college students. However, knowledge on the incidence and risk factors of depressive symptoms in Chinese college students is limited. The aim of the present study was to determine the two-year cumulative incidence of depressive symptoms in Chinese college freshmen and identified related psychosocial risk factors.
A prospective survey was used to examine the cumulative incidence and risk factors of depressive symptoms (as assessed by the Centre for Epidemiological Study-Depression Scale, CES-D) among undergraduate freshmen. Five times (baseline, 5, 12, 17, and 24 months later) of self-reported data were collected from the students.
Of the initial 758 non-depressed respondents at baseline, 235 developed depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16) during the follow-up period. The two-year cumulative incidence was estimated to be 42% and not significantly different between males and females (χ2=3.138, =1, p=0.077). Logistic regression model showed that female gender (OR=0.43, 95% CI (0.28-0.64)), high level of self-esteem (OR=0.67, 95% CI (0.52-0.86)), and moderate exercise (OR=0.71, 95% CI (0.55-0.92)) reduced the onset of depressive symptoms; while high levels of baseline anxiety (OR=1.48, 95% CI (1.12-1.94)), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Neuroticism (OR=1.40, 95% CI (1.09-1.79)), concern over mistakes (OR=1.35,95% CI (1.07-1.71)), daytime sleepiness (OR=1.28, 95% CI (1.02-1.60)), mild exercise (OR=1.25, 95% CI (1.01-1.55)) increased the new onset of depressive symptoms.
The high two-year cumulative incidence indicates that depressive symptoms are an important mental problem in Chinese college students. The present findings on the risk factors of depressive symptoms in Chinese college students may be useful for the design of student health screening and intervention programs.
以往的调查显示大学生中抑郁症患病率有所上升。然而，关于中国大学生抑郁症状的发病率及危险因素的了解有限。本研究的目的是确定中国大学新生抑郁症状的两年累积发病率，并识别相关的社会心理危险因素。
采用前瞻性调查来研究本科新生抑郁症状（通过流行病学研究中心抑郁量表，即CES-D进行评估）的累积发病率及危险因素。从学生中收集了五次（基线、5个月、12个月、17个月和24个月后）的自我报告数据。
在基线时最初的758名无抑郁症状的受访者中，有235人在随访期间出现了抑郁症状（CES-D≥16）。两年累积发病率估计为42%，男性和女性之间无显著差异（χ2=3.138，自由度=1，p=0.077）。逻辑回归模型显示，女性（OR=0.43，95%可信区间（0.28 - 0.64））、高自尊水平（OR=0.67，95%可信区间（0.52 - 0.86））和适度运动（OR=0.71，95%可信区间（0.55 - 0.92））可降低抑郁症状的发生；而高基线焦虑水平（OR=1.48，95%可信区间（1.12 - 1.94））、艾森克人格问卷神经质维度（OR=1.40，95%可信区间（1.09 - 1.79））、对错误的担忧（OR=1.35，95%可信区间（1.07 - 1.71））、白天嗜睡（OR=1.28，95%可信区间（1.02 - 1.60））、轻度运动（OR=1.25，95%可信区间（1.01 - 1.55））会增加抑郁症状的新发。
两年的高累积发病率表明抑郁症状是中国大学生中的一个重要心理问题。本研究关于中国大学生抑郁症状危险因素的发现可能有助于学生健康筛查和干预项目的设计。
