Das Plabon Kumar, Asha Saharia Yeasmin, Abe Ichiro, Islam Farhadul, Lam Alfred K
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Oct 28;12(11):3159. doi: 10.3390/cancers12113159.
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) remains as one of the most aggressive human carcinomas with poor survival rates in patients with the cancer despite therapeutic interventions. Novel targeted and personalized therapies could solve the puzzle of poor survival rates of patients with ATC. In this review, we discuss the role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression in ATC as well as how the changes in their expression could potentially reshape the characteristics of ATCs. A broad range of miRNA, such as miR-205, miR-19a, miR-17-3p and miR-17-5p, miR-618, miR-20a, miR-155, etc., have abnormal expressions in ATC tissues and cells when compared to those of non-neoplastic thyroid tissues and cells. Moreover, lncRNAs, such as H19, Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex P5 (HCP5), Urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1), Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), etc., participate in transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in ATC cells. Dysregulations of these non-coding RNAs were associated with development and progression of ATC by modulating the functions of oncogenes during tumour progression. Thus, restoration of the abnormal expression of these miRNAs and lncRNAs may serve as promising ways to treat the patients with ATC. In addition, siRNA mediated inhibition of several oncogenes may act as a potential option against ATC. Thus, non-coding RNAs can be useful as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for the better management of patients with ATC.
间变性甲状腺癌（ATC）仍然是最具侵袭性的人类癌症之一，尽管进行了治疗干预，癌症患者的生存率仍然很低。新型靶向和个性化疗法可能会解开ATC患者生存率低的谜团。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了非编码RNA在ATC基因表达调控中的作用，以及它们表达的变化如何可能重塑ATC的特征。与非肿瘤性甲状腺组织和细胞相比，多种miRNA，如miR-205、miR-19a、miR-17-3p和miR-17-5p、miR-618、miR-20a、miR-155等，在ATC组织和细胞中存在异常表达。此外，lncRNA，如H19、人类白细胞抗原（HLA）复合体P5（HCP5）、尿路上皮癌相关1（UCA1）、核旁斑组装转录本1（NEAT1）等，参与ATC细胞中基因表达的转录和转录后调控。这些非编码RNA的失调通过在肿瘤进展过程中调节癌基因的功能与ATC的发生和进展相关。因此，恢复这些miRNA和lncRNA的异常表达可能是治疗ATC患者的有希望的方法。此外，siRNA介导的几种癌基因抑制可能是对抗ATC的一种潜在选择。因此，非编码RNA可作为预后生物标志物和潜在的治疗靶点，以更好地管理ATC患者。
