Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
University Institute of Physical Education, University of Antioquia, Medellín 1226, Colombia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 28;17(21):7900. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17217900.
The aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the current evidence for the effects of resistance training (RT) on blood pressure (BP) as the main outcome and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents. Two authors systematically searched the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science Core Collection and EMBASE electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were: (1) children and adolescents (aged 8 to 18 years); (2) intervention studies including RT and (3) outcome measures of BP and BMI. The selected studies were analyzed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Eight articles met inclusion criteria totaling 571 participants. The mean age ranged from 9.3 to 15.9 years and the mean BMI of 29.34 (7.24) kg/m). Meta-analysis indicated that RT reduced BMI significantly (mean difference (MD): -0.43 kg/m (95% CI: -0.82, -0.03), P = 0.03; I = 5%) and a non-significant decrease in systolic BP (SBP) (MD: -1.09 mmHg (95% CI: -3.24, 1.07), P = 0.32; I = 67%) and diastolic BP (DBP) (MD: -0.93 mmHg (95% CI: -2.05, 0.19), P = 0.10; I = 37%). Limited evidence suggests that RT has no adverse effects on BP and may positively affect BP in youths. More high-quality studies are needed to clarify the association between RT and BP in light of body composition changes throughout childhood and adolescence.
目的是系统地回顾和荟萃分析目前关于抗阻训练（RT）对血压（BP）的影响的证据，主要结局是 BP，次要结局是体质量指数（BMI），研究对象为儿童和青少年。两位作者系统地检索了 PubMed、SPORTDiscus、Web of Science Core Collection 和 EMBASE 电子数据库。纳入标准为：（1）儿童和青少年（8 至 18 岁）；（2）干预研究包括 RT；（3）BP 和 BMI 的结局测量。采用 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具对入选研究进行分析。共有 8 篇文章符合纳入标准，共计 571 名参与者。平均年龄为 9.3 至 15.9 岁，平均 BMI 为 29.34（7.24）kg/m。荟萃分析表明，RT 可显著降低 BMI（平均差异（MD）：-0.43 kg/m（95%CI：-0.82，-0.03），P = 0.03；I = 5%），但对收缩压（SBP）（MD：-1.09 mmHg（95%CI：-3.24，1.07），P = 0.32；I = 67%）和舒张压（DBP）（MD：-0.93 mmHg（95%CI：-2.05，0.19），P = 0.10；I = 37%）的降低作用无统计学意义。有限的证据表明，RT 对 BP 无不良影响，可能对青少年的 BP 产生积极影响。需要更多高质量的研究来阐明 RT 与 BP 之间的关联，同时考虑儿童和青少年整个生长发育期的身体成分变化。
