虚构作品中亲社会行为的兴起先于近代早期欧洲的民主革命。
The rise of prosociality in fiction preceded democratic revolutions in Early Modern Europe.
机构信息
Institut Jean Nicod, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France;
Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Nov 17;117(46):28684-28691. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2009571117. Epub 2020 Oct 30.
The English and French Revolutions represent a turning point in history, marking the beginning of the modern rise of democracy. Recent advances in cultural evolution have put forward the idea that the early modern revolutions may be the product of a long-term psychological shift, from hierarchical and dominance-based interactions to democratic and trust-based relationships. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by analyzing theater plays during the early modern period in England and France. We found an increase in cooperation-related words over time relative to dominance-related words in both countries. Furthermore, we found that the accelerated rise of cooperation-related words preceded both the English Civil War (1642) and the French Revolution (1789). Finally, we found that rising per capita gross domestic product (GDPpc) generally led to an increase in cooperation-related words. These results highlight the likely role of long-term psychological and economic changes in explaining the rise of early modern democracies.
英法革命代表了历史的一个转折点，标志着现代民主的兴起。文化进化的最新进展提出了这样一种观点，即早期的现代革命可能是长期心理转变的产物，从等级制和基于支配的互动转变为民主和基于信任的关系。在这项研究中，我们通过分析英国和法国早期现代时期的戏剧来检验这一假设。我们发现，两国的合作相关词汇相对于支配相关词汇随着时间的推移而增加。此外，我们发现合作相关词汇的加速上升先于英国内战（1642 年）和法国大革命（1789 年）。最后，我们发现人均国内生产总值（GDPpc）的上升通常会导致合作相关词汇的增加。这些结果突出了长期心理和经济变化在解释早期现代民主兴起方面的可能作用。
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