Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Trends Immunol. 2020 Dec;41(12):1100-1115. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2020.10.004. Epub 2020 Oct 14.
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) marks the third highly pathogenic coronavirus to spill over into the human population. SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmissible with a broad tissue tropism that is likely perpetuating the pandemic. However, important questions remain regarding its transmissibility and pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize current SARS-CoV-2 research, with an emphasis on transmission, tissue tropism, viral pathogenesis, and immune antagonism. We further present advances in animal models that are important for understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, vaccine development, and therapeutic testing. When necessary, comparisons are made from studies with SARS to provide further perspectives on coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as draw inferences for future investigations.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的出现标志着第三种高致病性冠状病毒溢出到人类群体中。SARS-CoV-2 具有高度传染性和广泛的组织嗜性，这可能是导致大流行持续存在的原因。然而，关于其传染性和发病机制仍有许多重要问题需要解答。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于 SARS-CoV-2 的研究，重点介绍了传播、组织嗜性、病毒发病机制和免疫拮抗作用。我们进一步介绍了在理解 SARS-CoV-2 发病机制、疫苗开发和治疗性测试方面非常重要的动物模型的进展。必要时，我们将从 SARS 的研究中进行比较，为冠状病毒病 2019 (COVID-19) 提供进一步的视角，并为未来的研究进行推断。
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