Natural iridoids from Patrinia heterophylla showing anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo.

Inflammation, especially chronic inflammation, has been found to be closely related to the pathology of many diseases and the discovery of bioactive natural products to inhibit NO production is one of strategies to treat inflammation. In our continuous search for bioactive natural substances as potential anti-inflammatory agents, five new compounds (1-5) were extracted and purified from Patrinia heterophylla. The NMR and MS data analysis, along with electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, led to the identification of these isolates, which were new iridoids. Using cell and zebrafish models, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects were conducted to evaluate the potency of anti-inflammation of these compounds. The preliminary mechanism was explored using molecular docking and Western blotting experiments.