Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies of the National Research Council of Italy (CNR-Irpps), Rome, Italy.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 Oct;24(20):10860-10866. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202010_23449.
Social distancing, as experienced by the Italian population during the COVID-19 outbreak, generated the long-term activation of stress-response in individuals. This has been a crucial opportunity to study the coping strategies that people put in place to adapt their lives and habits to such a unique condition. For this reason, we have investigated both emotion-focused and problem-oriented coping strategies among the Italian population by relating them to other structural factors, such as social, economic and cultural conditions.
More than 140,000 online interviews were collected in Italy from March 22 to April 2, 2020. This large dataset was used to carry out multivariate statistical data analysis with the aim of creating behavioral profiles, starting from coping parameters and other information. This technique has produced an association, showing a good level of statistical significance, between coping strategies and reactions to social distancing, due to the health emergency, during the data collection phase.
Two coping indicators - problem-oriented and focused on positive emotions coping strategies - were selected as objective variables in a "decision tree" modelling. The results have shown a link between individual factors (i.e., atmosphere at home) and educational and social factors (i.e., compliance with restrictions during the health emergency).
The reduction of social interaction had quite a significant impact on people's behavior; furthermore, coping strategies have played a crucial role in facing this stressor. For both the selected coping indicators, the best predictor was the atmosphere perceived at home. Moreover, the respondents' previous experiences have played a relevant role in the acceptance of new rules imposed by the government. This information can be useful in planning future social policies, both at national and international level, during such peculiar times.
在 COVID-19 爆发期间，意大利民众经历了社交隔离，这导致个体的应激反应长期激活。这是一个研究人们采取何种应对策略来适应这种独特情况的绝佳机会。因此，我们通过将其与社会、经济和文化等其他结构因素相关联，研究了意大利民众的情绪聚焦和问题导向应对策略。
2020 年 3 月 22 日至 4 月 2 日，在意大利通过网络收集了超过 14 万次访谈。利用这个大数据集，通过多元统计数据分析来创建行为特征，从应对参数和其他信息入手。该技术通过显示出与社交距离应对措施之间存在关联，以及由于健康紧急情况而在数据收集阶段产生的良好统计意义水平，证明了应对策略和反应之间的相关性。
两种应对指标——问题导向和积极情绪应对策略——被选为“决策树”建模中的目标变量。结果表明，个体因素（如家庭氛围）和教育与社会因素（如遵守健康紧急情况下的限制）之间存在联系。
社交互动的减少对人们的行为产生了重大影响；此外，应对策略在应对这种压力源方面发挥了至关重要的作用。对于这两种选定的应对指标，家庭氛围是最佳预测因素。此外，受访者之前的经验在接受政府实施的新规则方面发挥了重要作用。这些信息在制定未来的社会政策时非常有用，无论是在国家层面还是国际层面，都可以在这种特殊时期提供参考。
