Florczak Anna, Grzechowiak Inga, Deptuch Tomasz, Kucharczyk Kamil, Kaminska Alicja, Dams-Kozlowska Hanna
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2020 Nov 4;13(21):4946. doi: 10.3390/ma13214946.
Although progress is observed in cancer treatment, this disease continues to be the second leading cause of death worldwide. The current understanding of cancer indicates that treating cancer should not be limited to killing cancer cells alone, but that the target is the complex tumor microenvironment (TME). The application of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (DDS) can not only target cancer cells and TME, but also simultaneously resolve the severe side effects of various cancer treatment approaches, leading to more effective, precise, and less invasive therapy. Nanoparticles based on proteins derived from silkworms' cocoons (like silk fibroin and sericins) and silk proteins from spiders (spidroins) are intensively explored not only in the oncology field. This natural-derived material offer biocompatibility, biodegradability, and simplicity of preparation methods. The protein-based material can be tailored for size, stability, drug loading/release kinetics, and functionalized with targeting ligands. This review summarizes the current status of drug delivery systems' development based on proteins derived from silk fibroin, sericins, and spidroins, which application is focused on systemic cancer treatment. The nanoparticles that deliver chemotherapeutics, nucleic acid-based therapeutics, natural-derived agents, therapeutic proteins or peptides, inorganic compounds, as well as photosensitive molecules, are introduced.
尽管在癌症治疗方面取得了进展，但这种疾病仍然是全球第二大死因。目前对癌症的认识表明，治疗癌症不应局限于单纯杀死癌细胞，而目标是复杂的肿瘤微环境（TME）。基于纳米颗粒的药物递送系统（DDS）的应用不仅可以靶向癌细胞和TME，还能同时解决各种癌症治疗方法的严重副作用，从而实现更有效、精确且侵入性更小的治疗。基于蚕茧衍生蛋白质（如丝素蛋白和丝胶蛋白）以及蜘蛛丝蛋白（蛛丝蛋白）的纳米颗粒不仅在肿瘤学领域得到了深入研究。这种天然衍生材料具有生物相容性、生物可降解性以及制备方法简单的特点。基于蛋白质的材料可以在尺寸、稳定性、药物负载/释放动力学方面进行定制，并通过靶向配体进行功能化修饰。本综述总结了基于丝素蛋白、丝胶蛋白和蛛丝蛋白的药物递送系统的发展现状，其应用主要集中于全身性癌症治疗。文中介绍了递送化疗药物、基于核酸的治疗药物、天然衍生药物、治疗性蛋白质或肽、无机化合物以及光敏分子的纳米颗粒。
