Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
Vector Borne Disease Laboratory, Chancellor College, University of Malawi P.O. Box 280 Zomba, Malawi.
Acta Trop. 2021 Jan;213:105742. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105742. Epub 2020 Nov 4.
We conducted a nationwide survey of mosquito distribution in Malawi from November 2011 to April 2012, and from July to September 2012. Using dried specimens of mosquito adults collected during the survey, we analyzed their cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences, prepared specimens, and registered the genetic information (658 bp) of 144 individuals belonging to 51 species of 10 genera in GenBank. Using the obtained genetic information, we analyzed the degree of intraspecific variation and investigated the various species from morphological and genetic perspectives. Moreover, we conducted phylogenetic analysis of the medically important species distributed from Africa to Asia and explored their geographical differentiation. Results showed that individuals morphologically classified as Culex univittatus complex included a individual of Cx. perexiguus which, to date, have not been reported in southern Africa. Furthermore, Mansonia uniformis, distributed in Africa and Asia, was revealed to belong to genetically distinct populations, with observed morphological differences of the samples suggesting that they are separate species. The results of genetic analysis further suggested that Cx. ethiopicus is not a synonym of Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, but that it is an independent species; although, in this study, the only definite morphological difference observed was in the shape of the wing scales. Further morphological and genetic investigation of individuals of these species, including larvae, is highly recommended.
我们于 2011 年 11 月至 2012 年 4 月以及 2012 年 7 月至 9 月期间在马拉维进行了一次全国范围的蚊子分布调查。利用调查期间收集的成年蚊子干标本，我们分析了它们的细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 I（COI）基因序列，制备了标本，并在 GenBank 中注册了属于 10 个属的 51 种 144 个个体的遗传信息（658bp）。利用获得的遗传信息，我们分析了种内变异程度，并从形态学和遗传学角度研究了各种物种。此外，我们还对分布于非洲到亚洲的具有医学重要性的物种进行了系统发育分析，并探讨了它们的地理分化。结果表明，在形态上被归类为库蚊复合种的个体中包括一个以前未在南非报道过的库蚊纤细亚种个体。此外，分布于非洲和亚洲的曼蚊均匀种被证明属于遗传上不同的种群，观察到的样本形态差异表明它们是不同的物种。遗传分析的结果进一步表明，埃及伊蚊不是致倦库蚊的同义词，而是一个独立的物种；尽管在这项研究中，唯一观察到的明确的形态差异是在翅膀鳞片的形状上。强烈建议对这些物种的个体（包括幼虫）进行进一步的形态学和遗传学研究。
