Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco.
Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco; Chouaib Doukkali University, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Bioorganic Chemistry and Environment, El Jadida, Morocco.
Bioelectrochemistry. 2021 Feb;137:107687. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107687. Epub 2020 Oct 24.
Amoxicillin (AMX) is among the most successful antibiotics used for human therapy. It is used extensively to prevent or treat bacterial infections in humans and animals. However, the widespread distribution and excess utilization of AMX can be an environmental and health risk due to the hazardous potential associated to its pharmaceutical industries effluents. Besides, their extensive use in food animal production may result in some undesirable residues in food, e.g. meat, eggs and milk. Consequently, at high enough concentrations in biological fluids, AMX may be responsible of various diseases such as nausea, vomiting, rashes, and antibiotic-associated colitis. For this reason, the detection and quantification of amoxicillin in pharmaceuticals, biological fluids, environmental samples and foodstuffs require new electroanalytical techniques with sensitive and rapid measurement abilities. This review discusses recent advances in the development of electrochemical sensors and bio-sensors for AMX analysis in complex matrices such as pharmaceuticals, biological fluids, environmental water and foodstuffs. The main electrochemical sensors used are based on chemically modified electrodes involving carbon materials and nanomaterials, nanoparticles, polymers and biological recognition molecules.
阿莫西林（AMX）是用于人类治疗的最成功的抗生素之一。它被广泛用于预防或治疗人类和动物的细菌感染。然而，由于其医药工业废水中存在的潜在危险，AMX 的广泛分布和过度使用可能会对环境和健康造成风险。此外，它们在食用动物生产中的大量使用可能会导致食物中出现一些不理想的残留物，例如肉、蛋和奶。因此，在生物体液中浓度足够高时，AMX 可能会导致各种疾病，如恶心、呕吐、皮疹和抗生素相关性结肠炎。出于这个原因，需要具有灵敏和快速测量能力的新型电分析技术来检测和定量药物、生物体液、环境样品和食品中的阿莫西林。本文综述了在化学修饰电极（涉及碳材料和纳米材料、纳米粒子、聚合物和生物识别分子）的基础上，用于分析复杂基质（如药物、生物体液、环境水和食品）中 AMX 的电化学传感器和生物传感器的最新进展。
