Ridha Hashem, Bouzaber Fahed, Al-Sallal Maryam, Almutairi Aisha, Al-Dhubaiei Reem, Akhtar Saeed
Department of Community Medicine & Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait.
Inj Epidemiol. 2020 Nov 9;7(1):58. doi: 10.1186/s40621-020-00284-9.
This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of self-reported noncompliance with mandatory seatbelt-use law and examined the factors associated with noncompliance with seatbelt-use while driving in adult working population in Kuwait.
During October 2017, 822 adults aged 21-60 years from 11 government ministries and departments were enrolled in this study. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured, and self-administered questionnaire. We computed the prevalence of self-reported noncompliance with mandatory seatbelt-use law while driving and evaluated the factors associated with noncompliance with seatbelt-use law while driving using a multivariable log-binomial regression model. The adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using model's parameters' estimates.
Of 822 participants, 64.4% were females, 56.6% were 21 to 30 years old, 86.5% were Kuwaitis, and 70.3% had college and/or university level education. The prevalence of self-reported noncompliance with mandatory seatbelt-use law while driving was 55.5%, whereas the prevalence of noncompliance with self-reported mandatory use seatbelt as a passenger was 80.9%. Multivariable log-binomial regression model showed that after adjusting for the influence of other variables in the model, participants were more likely to be noncompliers with mandatory seatbelt law while driving, if they believed that seatbelt does not protect against injuries during road traffic crashes (RTC) (adjusted PR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06-1.37; p = 0.004) or if they were ever fined for not wearing seatbelt (adjusted PR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.24-1.47; p < 0.001). Furthermore, participants were significantly more likely to be noncompliers with mandatory seatbelt law while driving, if they were unaware of implemented mandatory seatbelt law in Kuwait (adjusted PR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04-1.19; p = 0.003).
The prevalence of noncompliance with mandatory seatbelt-use law in the adult working population of Kuwait is considerably high. Being unaware of mandatory seatbelt use law, belief that seatbelt does not protect during RTC, and having ever been fined in the past for not having seatbelt on while driving were significant predictors of noncompliance with seatbelt-use law. These results warrant the focused mass education and rigorous enforcement of seatbelt-use law while driving. These strategies are likely to enhance the adherence to seatbelt-use law and minimize RTCs related injuries and mortality among adult drivers in this and other similar settings in the region. If implemented, future studies may look at the impact of such interventions on RTCs related frequency and severity of injuries in this and other similar settings.
本横断面研究评估了自我报告的违反强制性安全带使用法律的流行情况，并调查了科威特成年工作人群中驾车时不遵守安全带使用规定的相关因素。
2017年10月，来自11个政府部委和部门的822名年龄在21至60岁的成年人参与了本研究。数据通过预先测试、结构化且自我填写的问卷收集。我们计算了自我报告的驾车时违反强制性安全带使用法律的流行率，并使用多变量对数二项回归模型评估了驾车时不遵守安全带使用法律的相关因素。使用模型参数估计值计算调整后的流行率比值（PR）和相应的95%置信区间（CI）。
在822名参与者中，64.4%为女性，56.6%年龄在21至30岁之间，86.5%为科威特人，70.3%拥有大专和/或大学学历。自我报告的驾车时违反强制性安全带使用法律的流行率为55.5%，而自我报告的乘车时不遵守强制性使用安全带的流行率为80.9%。多变量对数二项回归模型显示，在调整模型中其他变量的影响后，如果参与者认为安全带在道路交通事故（RTC）中不能预防受伤（调整后的PR = 1.20；95% CI：1.06 - 1.37；p = 0.004），或者他们曾因未系安全带被罚款（调整后的PR = 1.34；95% CI：1.24 - 1.47；p < 0.001），那么他们在驾车时更有可能不遵守强制性安全带法律。此外，如果参与者不知道科威特实施了强制性安全带法律，他们在驾车时不遵守强制性安全带法律的可能性显著更高（调整后的PR = 1.11；95% CI：1.04 - 1.19；p = 0.003）。
科威特成年工作人群中不遵守强制性安全带使用法律的流行率相当高。不知道强制性安全带使用法律、认为安全带在道路交通事故中不能提供保护以及过去曾因驾车时未系安全带被罚款是不遵守安全带使用法律的重要预测因素。这些结果表明需要开展有针对性的大众教育并严格执行驾车时的安全带使用法律。这些策略可能会提高对安全带使用法律的遵守程度，并最大限度地减少该地区及其他类似环境中成年驾驶员因道路交通事故导致的伤害和死亡率。如果实施，未来的研究可以考察此类干预措施对该地区及其他类似环境中道路交通事故相关受伤频率和严重程度的影响。
