Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Research Department of Behavioral Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
J Med Internet Res. 2020 Nov 9;22(11):e21582. doi: 10.2196/21582.
Social media is commonly used in public health interventions to promote cancer screening and early diagnosis, as it can rapidly deliver targeted public health messages to large numbers of people. However, there is currently little understanding of the breadth of social media interventions and evaluations, whether they are effective, and how they might improve outcomes.
This scoping review aimed to map the evidence for social media interventions to improve cancer screening and early diagnosis, including their impact on behavior change and how they facilitate behavior change.
Five databases and the grey literature were searched to identify qualitative and quantitative evaluations of social media interventions targeting cancer screening and early diagnosis. Two reviewers independently reviewed each abstract. Data extraction was carried out by one author and verified by a second author. Data on engagement was extracted using an adapted version of the key performance indicators and metrics related to social media use in health promotion. Insights, exposure, reach, and differing levels of engagement, including behavior change, were measured. The behavior change technique taxonomy was used to identify how interventions facilitated behavior change.
Of the 23 publications and reports included, the majority (16/23, 70%) evaluated national cancer awareness campaigns (eg, breast cancer awareness month). Most interventions delivered information via Twitter (13/23, 57%), targeted breast cancer (12/23, 52%), and measured exposure, reach, and low- to medium-level user engagement, such as number of likes (9/23, 39%). There were fewer articles about colorectal and lung cancer than about breast and prostate cancer campaigns. One study found that interventions had less reach and engagement from ethnic minority groups. A small number of articles (5/23, 22%) suggested that some types of social media interventions might improve high-level engagement, such as intended and actual uptake of screening. Behavior change techniques, such as providing social support and emphasizing the consequences of cancer, were used to engage users. Many national campaigns delivered fundraising messages rather than actionable health messages.
The limited evidence suggests that social media interventions may improve cancer screening and early diagnosis. Use of evaluation frameworks for social media interventions could help researchers plan more robust evaluations that measure behavior change. We need a greater understanding of who engages with these interventions to know whether social media can be used to reduce some health inequalities in cancer screening and early diagnosis.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033592.
社交媒体常用于公共卫生干预措施，以促进癌症筛查和早期诊断，因为它可以快速向大量人群传递有针对性的公共卫生信息。然而，目前对于社交媒体干预措施的广度、其有效性以及如何改善结果的了解甚少。
本范围综述旨在绘制社交媒体干预措施以改善癌症筛查和早期诊断的证据图谱，包括其对行为改变的影响以及如何促进行为改变。
检索了五个数据库和灰色文献，以确定针对癌症筛查和早期诊断的社交媒体干预措施的定性和定量评估。两位审查员独立审查了每个摘要。由一位作者进行数据提取，并由第二位作者进行验证。使用与健康促进中社交媒体使用相关的关键绩效指标和指标的改编版，提取关于参与度的数据。洞察、曝光、覆盖范围以及不同程度的参与度，包括行为改变，都进行了测量。使用行为改变技术分类法来确定干预措施如何促进行为改变。
在纳入的 23 篇出版物和报告中，大多数（16/23，70%）评估了国家癌症宣传活动（例如乳腺癌宣传月）。大多数干预措施通过 Twitter（13/23，57%）提供信息，针对乳腺癌（12/23，52%），并测量了曝光度、覆盖范围以及低至中等水平的用户参与度，例如点赞数量（9/23，39%）。关于结直肠癌和肺癌的文章少于关于乳腺癌和前列腺癌的文章。一项研究发现，干预措施在少数族裔群体中的覆盖范围和参与度较低。少数几篇文章（5/23，22%）表明，某些类型的社交媒体干预措施可能会提高高水平的参与度，例如筛查的预期和实际参与度。使用社会支持和强调癌症后果等行为改变技术来吸引用户。许多国家运动传递筹款信息而不是可操作的健康信息。
有限的证据表明，社交媒体干预措施可能会改善癌症筛查和早期诊断。使用社交媒体干预措施的评估框架可以帮助研究人员计划更强大的评估，以衡量行为改变。我们需要更深入地了解谁参与了这些干预措施，以了解社交媒体是否可以用于减少癌症筛查和早期诊断方面的一些健康不平等现象。
国际注册报告标识符（IRRID）：RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033592。
