Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India.
ACS Sens. 2020 Nov 25;5(11):3365-3391. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02005. Epub 2020 Nov 9.
A fluorescent probe for the monitoring of HS levels in living cells and organisms is highly desirable. In this regard, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes have emerged as a promising tool. NIR-I and NIR-II probes have many significant advantages; for instance, NIR light penetrates deeper into tissue than light at visible wavelengths, and it causes less photodamage during biosample analysis and less autofluorescence, enabling higher signal-to-background ratios. Therefore, it is expected that fluorescent probes having emission in the NIR region are more suitable for in vivo imaging. Consequently, a considerable increase in reports of new HS-responsive NIR fluorescent probes appeared in the literature. This review highlights the advances made in developing new NIR fluorescent probes aimed at the sensitive and selective detection of HS in biological samples. Their applications in real-time monitoring of HS in cells and in vivo for bioimaging of living cells/animals are emphasized. The selection of suitable dyes for designing NIR fluorescent probes, along with the principles and mechanisms involved for the sensing of HS in the NIR region, are described. The discussions are focused on small-molecule and nanomaterials-based NIR probes.
非常希望能够开发出一种用于监测活细胞和生物体内 HS 水平的荧光探针。在这方面，近红外（NIR）荧光探针已经成为一种很有前途的工具。NIR-I 和 NIR-II 探针具有许多显著的优势；例如，与可见光波长的光相比，NIR 光能够更深地穿透组织，并且在生物样本分析中引起的光损伤更小，自发荧光也更小，从而能够实现更高的信噪比。因此，预计在 NIR 区域发射光的荧光探针更适合用于体内成像。因此，文献中出现了大量关于新的 HS 响应 NIR 荧光探针的报道。本综述重点介绍了开发用于生物样品中 HS 灵敏和选择性检测的新型 NIR 荧光探针方面的进展。强调了它们在细胞内实时监测 HS 以及用于活细胞/动物生物成像的应用。描述了用于设计 NIR 荧光探针的合适染料的选择，以及在 NIR 区域中用于 HS 传感的原理和机制。讨论集中在基于小分子和纳米材料的 NIR 探针上。
