School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK.
Phytochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi 2373, Nigeria.
Molecules. 2020 Nov 5;25(21):5155. doi: 10.3390/molecules25215155.
The kinetoplastids are protozoa characterized by the presence of a distinctive organelle, called the kinetoplast, which contains a large amount of DNA (kinetoplast DNA (kDNA)) inside their single mitochondrion. Kinetoplastids of medical and veterinary importance include spp. (the causative agents of human and animal African Trypanosomiasis and of Chagas disease) and spp. (the causative agents of the various forms of leishmaniasis). These neglected diseases affect millions of people across the globe, but drug treatment is hampered by the challenges of toxicity and drug resistance, among others. Propolis (a natural product made by bees) and compounds isolated from it are now being investigated as novel treatments of kinetoplastid infections. The anti-kinetoplastid efficacy of propolis is probably a consequence of its reported activity against kinetoplastid parasites of bees. This article presents a review of the reported anti-kinetoplastid potential of propolis, highlighting its anti-kinetoplastid activity in vitro and in vivo regardless of geographical origin. The mode of action of propolis depends on the organism it is acting on and includes growth inhibition, immunomodulation, macrophage activation, perturbation of the cell membrane architecture, phospholipid disturbances, and mitochondrial targets. This gives ample scope for further investigations toward the rational development of sustainable anti-kinetoplastid drugs.
动基体原虫是一类原生动物，其特征是存在一种独特的细胞器，称为动基体，其内含有大量的 DNA（动基体 DNA（kDNA））。在其单个线粒体中。具有医学和兽医重要性的动基体原虫包括 spp.（引起人类和动物非洲锥虫病和恰加斯病的病原体）和 spp.（引起各种形式利什曼病的病原体）。这些被忽视的疾病影响着全球数百万人，但由于毒性和耐药性等挑战，药物治疗受到阻碍。蜂胶（蜜蜂产生的天然产物）及其分离出的化合物目前正在被研究为治疗动基体原虫感染的新方法。蜂胶的抗动基体原虫功效可能是其对蜜蜂动基体原虫寄生虫的报道活性的结果。本文综述了蜂胶的抗动基体原虫潜力，强调了其无论来源地如何，在体外和体内的抗动基体原虫活性。蜂胶的作用模式取决于其作用的生物体，包括生长抑制、免疫调节、巨噬细胞激活、细胞膜结构的扰乱、磷脂紊乱和线粒体靶标。这为进一步研究合理开发可持续的抗动基体原虫药物提供了充分的空间。
