Kunjiappan Selvaraj, Pavadai Parasuraman, Vellaichamy Sivakumar, Ram Kumar Pandian Sureshbabu, Ravishankar Vigneshwaran, Palanisamy Ponnusamy, Govindaraj Saravanan, Srinivasan Gowshiki, Premanand Adhvitha, Sankaranarayanan Murugesan, Theivendren Panneerselvam
Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Drug Dev Res. 2021 May;82(3):309-340. doi: 10.1002/ddr.21758. Epub 2020 Nov 10.
Enhanced cancer treatment remains as one of the focused areas for researchers around the world. Hence, the progress in this direction will be a challenge and an opportunity in, inter-disciplinary field to mitigate the suffering of millions in the upcoming decades. As we see, cancer death rate has also progressively increased despite the current impressive treatment regimens but also due to the non-availability of vaccines and the re-occurring of cancer in substantially recovered patients. Currently, numerous treatment strategies like surgical removal of solid tumors followed by radiation with a combination of immunotherapy/chemotherapy by the researchers and clinicians are routinely being followed. However, recurrence and distant metastasis often occur following radiation therapy, commonly due to the generation of radio-resistance through deregulation of the cell cycle, cell death, and inhibition of DNA damage repair mechanisms. Thus, chemotherapeutic/immunotherapeutic treatment systems have progressed remarkably in the latest years owing to destroying tumors, noninvasive, and affordable charge of therapy. But, traditional chemotherapeutic approaches target the DNA of mutated and normal healthy cells, resulting in a significantly increased risk of toxicity and drug resistance. Thus, many receptors targeted therapies are in the developmental phase of discovery. Cancer cells have a specialized set of surface receptors that provide potential targets for cancer therapeutics. Cell surface receptor-dependent endocytosis is well a known major mechanism for the internalization of macromolecular drugs. This review emphasizes the recent development of several surface receptors mediated cancer-targeting approaches for the effective delivery of various therapeutic formulations.
强化癌症治疗仍然是全球研究人员关注的重点领域之一。因此，在这一方向上取得进展将是跨学科领域的一项挑战，也是一个机会，有望在未来几十年减轻数百万人的痛苦。如我们所见，尽管目前有令人印象深刻的治疗方案，但癌症死亡率仍在逐步上升，这也是由于疫苗的缺乏以及在基本康复的患者中癌症的复发。目前，研究人员和临床医生通常采用多种治疗策略，如手术切除实体瘤，然后结合免疫疗法/化疗进行放疗。然而，放疗后常常会出现复发和远处转移，这通常是由于细胞周期失调、细胞死亡以及DNA损伤修复机制受到抑制而产生了放射抗性。因此，近年来化疗/免疫治疗系统在破坏肿瘤、无创性和可承受的治疗费用方面取得了显著进展。但是，传统的化疗方法靶向突变细胞和正常健康细胞的DNA，导致毒性和耐药性风险显著增加。因此，许多受体靶向疗法正处于研发阶段。癌细胞具有一组特殊的表面受体，为癌症治疗提供了潜在靶点。细胞表面受体依赖性内吞作用是大分子药物内化的一种众所周知的主要机制。本综述强调了几种表面受体介导的癌症靶向方法的最新进展，这些方法可有效递送各种治疗制剂。
