Muhimpundu Marie Aimee, Joseph Kristy T, Husain Muhammad Jami, Uwinkindi Francois, Ntaganda Evariste, Rwunganira Samuel, Habiyaremye Francois, Niyonsenga Simon Pierre, Bagahirwa Irene, Robie Brian, Bal Dileep G, Billick Lauren Bartell
Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali, Rwanda.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Health Protection, Atlanta, USA.
Int J Health Promot Educ. 2018 Dec 18;57(2):82-97. doi: 10.1080/14635240.2018.1552178.
Ministries of Health (MoHs) and health organizations are compelled to work across sectors and build coalitions, strengthening health systems to abate the rise of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). A critical element of NCD prevention and control involves significant and difficult changes in attitudes, policies and protective behavior at the population level. The population-level impact of NCD interventions depends on the strength of the health system that delivers them. In particular, low-resource settings are exploring efficiencies and linkages to existing systems or partnerships in ways that may alleviate redundancies and high delivery costs. These entail complex operational challenges, and can only be spearheaded by a competent and passionate workforce. There is a critical need to develop and strengthen the management and leadership skills of public health professionals so that they can take on the unique challenges of NCD prevention and control. An added component must include a shift from the traditional clinical approach to a community-based effort, focusing heavily on health education and community norm change. Strengthening the work-force capacity of program managers at MoHs and other implementing institutions is key to capturing, analyzing, advocating and communicating information and will, in turn, reinforce the scale-up of interventions fostering a robust health system. This paper summarizes the best practices and lessons learned from the NCD Program Managers short course conducted by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in December, 2016 in Rwanda.
各国卫生部和卫生组织不得不跨部门开展工作并建立联盟，加强卫生系统以减缓非传染性疾病（NCDs）的上升趋势。非传染性疾病预防与控制的一个关键要素涉及在人群层面的态度、政策和保护行为方面进行重大且艰难的转变。非传染性疾病干预措施对人群的影响取决于实施这些措施的卫生系统的实力。特别是在资源匮乏地区，正在探索提高效率以及与现有系统或伙伴关系建立联系的方式，以减少冗余和高昂的实施成本。这些都带来了复杂的运营挑战，并且只能由一支有能力且充满热情的工作人员队伍来引领。迫切需要培养和加强公共卫生专业人员的管理和领导技能，以便他们能够应对非传染性疾病预防与控制的独特挑战。另外一个要素必须包括从传统的临床方法转向基于社区的努力，高度重视健康教育和社区规范的改变。加强各国卫生部及其他实施机构项目管理人员的劳动力能力是获取、分析、倡导和传播信息的关键，进而将加强促进强大卫生系统的干预措施的扩大规模。本文总结了美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）于2016年12月在卢旺达举办的非传染性疾病项目经理短期课程的最佳实践和经验教训。
