A Systematic Review of the Effect of Oral Rinsing with HO on Clinical and Microbiological Parameters Related to Plaque, Gingivitis, and Microbes.

BACKGROUND

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) has been used for more than a century clinically to control plaque and gingival inflammation, with unclear supporting evidence.

AIM

The aim of the present systematic review of the literature is to assess the effect of mouth rinses with HO on dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and oral microorganisms.

METHODS

Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched with the following focused question: what is the effect of hydrogen peroxide, in comparison to chlorhexidine or to a placebo solution, in oral microbiota control, dental plaque, and gingival inflammatory outcomes? Two independent examiners retrieved the articles and evaluated the evidence.

RESULTS

The majority of included studies were performed with 1.5% HO. Results related to plaque accumulation generally demonstrate a slightly better effect of HO as compared to placebo mouth rinses, however with a lower performance as compared to chlorhexidine. In terms of gingival inflammation, HO performs better than placebo and more clearly demonstrates an anti-inflammation effect. No studies evaluated the effect of HO against viruses or fungi. In terms of bacteria, HO demonstrates an antibacterial effect.

CONCLUSION

Rinsing with HO has the potential to affect plaque, gingivitis, and oral bacteria, as compared to placebo. However, the antibacterial results are not comparable to the performance of chlorhexidine.