Idris Abeer Babiker, Hassan Hadeel Gassim, Ali Maryam Atif Salaheldin, Eltaher Sulafa Mohamed, Idris Leena Babiker, Altayb Hisham N, Abass Amin Mohamed, Ibrahim Mustafa Mohammed Ahmed, Ibrahim El-Amin Mohamed, Hassan Mohamed A
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
The Academy of Health Sciences, The Republic of Sudan Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan.
Int J Microbiol. 2020 Oct 27;2020:8825718. doi: 10.1155/2020/8825718. eCollection 2020.
() is ubiquitous among humans and one of the best-studied examples of an intimate association between bacteria and humans. Phylogeny and Phylogeography of strains are known to mirror human migration patterns and reflect significant demographic events in human prehistory. In this study, we analyzed the molecular evolution of strains detected from different tribes and regions of Sudan using gene and the phylogenetic approach. . A total of 75 gastric biopsies were taken from patients who had been referred for endoscopy from different regions of Sudan. The DNA extraction was performed by using the guanidine chloride method. Two sets of primers (universal and specific for ) were used to amplify the gene. Sanger sequencing was applied, and the resulted sequences were matched with the sequences of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide database. The evolutionary aspects were analyzed using MEGA7 software.
Molecular detection of has shown that 28 (37.33%) of the patients were positive for and no significant differences were found in sociodemographic characteristics, endoscopy series, and infection. Nucleotide variations were observed at five nucleotide positions (positions 219, 305, 578, 741, and 763-764), and one insertion mutation (750_InsC_751) was present in sixty-seven percent (7/12) of our strains. These six mutations were detected in regions of the not closely associated with either tetracycline or binding sites; 66.67% of them were located in the central domain of . The phylogenetic analysis of sequences identified two lineages of strains detected from different regions in Sudan. The presence of Sudanese strains resembling Hungarian strains could reflect the migration of Hungarian people to Sudan or vice versa.
This finding emphasizes the significance of studying the phylogeny of strains as a discriminatory tool to mirror human migration patterns. In addition, the gene amplification method was found useful for bacterial identification and phylogeny.
（某细菌名称）在人类中普遍存在，是细菌与人类密切关联且研究最为深入的例子之一。已知该细菌菌株的系统发育和系统地理学反映了人类迁徙模式，并体现了人类史前重要的人口统计学事件。在本研究中，我们使用（某基因名称）基因和系统发育方法分析了从苏丹不同部落和地区检测到的该细菌菌株的分子进化情况。总共从苏丹不同地区因内镜检查而转诊的患者中采集了75份胃活检样本。采用氯化胍法进行DNA提取。使用两组引物（通用引物和该细菌特异性引物）扩增该基因。应用桑格测序法，并将所得序列与美国国立生物技术信息中心（NCBI）核苷酸数据库中的序列进行比对。使用MEGA7软件分析进化方面的情况。
该细菌的分子检测表明，28名（37.33%）患者该细菌检测呈阳性，在社会人口学特征、内镜检查系列以及该细菌感染方面未发现显著差异。在五个核苷酸位置（第219、305、578、741位以及763 - 764位）观察到核苷酸变异，并且在我们67%（7/12）的菌株中存在一个插入突变（750_InsC_751）。这六个突变在该细菌与四环素或（另一物质）结合位点不紧密相关的区域被检测到；其中66.67%位于该细菌的中央结构域。对该细菌序列的系统发育分析确定了从苏丹不同地区检测到的该细菌菌株的两个谱系。苏丹的该细菌菌株与匈牙利的该细菌菌株相似，这可能反映了匈牙利人向苏丹的迁徙，反之亦然。
这一发现强调了研究该细菌菌株系统发育作为反映人类迁徙模式的鉴别工具的重要性。此外，发现该基因扩增方法有助于细菌鉴定和系统发育分析。
