Orešič Matej, McGlinchey Aidan, Wheelock Craig E, Hyötyläinen Tuulia
School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
Metabolites. 2020 Nov 10;10(11):454. doi: 10.3390/metabo10110454.
Human health and well-being are intricately linked to environmental quality. Environmental exposures can have lifelong consequences. In particular, exposures during the vulnerable fetal or early development period can affect structure, physiology and metabolism, causing potential adverse, often permanent, health effects at any point in life. External exposures, such as the "chemical exposome" (exposures to environmental chemicals), affect the host's metabolism and immune system, which, in turn, mediate the risk of various diseases. Linking such exposures to adverse outcomes, via intermediate phenotypes such as the metabolome, is one of the central themes of exposome research. Much progress has been made in this line of research, including addressing some key challenges such as analytical coverage of the exposome and metabolome, as well as the integration of heterogeneous, multi-omics data. There is strong evidence that chemical exposures have a marked impact on the metabolome, associating with specific disease risks. Herein, we review recent progress in the field of exposome research as related to human health as well as selected metabolic and autoimmune diseases, with specific emphasis on the impacts of chemical exposures on the host metabolome.
人类健康与幸福与环境质量紧密相连。环境暴露可能产生终身影响。特别是在脆弱的胎儿期或早期发育阶段的暴露，可能会影响结构、生理和新陈代谢，在生命中的任何时刻都可能导致潜在的不良、往往是永久性的健康影响。外部暴露，如“化学暴露组”（对环境化学物质的暴露），会影响宿主的新陈代谢和免疫系统，进而介导各种疾病的风险。通过代谢组等中间表型将此类暴露与不良后果联系起来，是暴露组研究的核心主题之一。在这一研究领域已经取得了很大进展，包括应对一些关键挑战，如暴露组和代谢组的分析覆盖范围，以及整合异质的多组学数据。有强有力的证据表明，化学暴露对代谢组有显著影响，并与特定疾病风险相关。在此，我们综述暴露组研究领域与人类健康以及选定的代谢和自身免疫性疾病相关的最新进展，特别强调化学暴露对宿主代谢组的影响。
