Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2021 Aug;24(12):3648-3661. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020004620. Epub 2020 Nov 16.
We investigated the spatiotemporal trends in the burden of maternal, adolescent and child anaemia in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and evaluated some individual and household predictors of anaemia.
Average Hb concentrations and anaemia prevalence were estimated, plotted over time and mapped by country and sub-region. Multilevel linear regression models were used to evaluate individual and household predictors of Hb concentration.
Data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) spanning 2000-2018 were merged into data sets for 37 623 pregnant women, 89 815 older adolescent girls and 401 438 preschool children.
The merged DHS represent nationally representative samples from thirty-three countries.
Prevalence of anaemia remains high in SSA, affecting 60, 36 and 44 % of children, adolescents and pregnant women, respectively. Anaemia prevalence among children did not materially improve from 2000 to 2018. Anaemia prevalence among older adolescent girls and pregnant women did not also improve, but this masks a period of improvement followed by depreciation in population anaemia status. Pregnant adolescents had 12·5 g/l (95 % CI: 11·3, 13·6) lower Hb concentration compared with non-pregnant adolescents and 1·7 g/l (95 % CI: 0·7, 2·6) lower Hb concentration compared with pregnant women > 40 years, respectively. Stunting and wasting were associated with 1·3-3·3 g/l lower Hb concentration among children. Other significant predictors of Hb concentration were educational attainment, wealth quintiles, source of drinking water, number of children < 5 years in the household and possession of bed-nets.
Anaemia in SSA has not improved remarkably since year 2000 and remains excessive among children.
我们研究了撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）孕产妇、青少年和儿童贫血负担的时空趋势，并评估了一些个体和家庭因素对贫血的预测作用。
估计平均血红蛋白浓度和贫血患病率，随时间绘制，并按国家和次区域绘制。使用多水平线性回归模型评估个体和家庭因素对血红蛋白浓度的预测作用。
2000 年至 2018 年期间合并的人口与健康调查（DHS）数据被合并到 37623 名孕妇、89815 名大龄少女和 401438 名学龄前儿童的数据集中。
合并后的 DHS 代表来自 33 个国家的全国代表性样本。
SSA 的贫血患病率仍然很高，分别影响 60%、36%和 44%的儿童、青少年和孕妇。2000 年至 2018 年期间，儿童贫血患病率没有明显改善。大龄少女和孕妇贫血患病率也没有改善，但这掩盖了一段时间内人口贫血状况的改善和恶化。与非妊娠青少年相比，妊娠青少年的血红蛋白浓度低 12.5 g/l（95%CI：11.3，13.6），与>40 岁的孕妇相比，血红蛋白浓度低 1.7 g/l（95%CI：0.7，2.6）。发育迟缓症和消瘦症与儿童血红蛋白浓度降低 1.3-3.3 g/l 有关。血红蛋白浓度的其他重要预测因素包括教育程度、财富五分位数、饮用水来源、家中 5 岁以下儿童人数和拥有蚊帐。
自 2000 年以来，SSA 的贫血状况并没有显著改善，儿童贫血仍然过高。
