Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania.
Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Jan;133:110959. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110959. Epub 2020 Nov 13.
A well-functioning immune system of the host body plays pivotal role in the maintenance of ordinary physiological and immunological functions as well as internal environment. Balanced immunity enhances defense mechanism against infection, diseases and unwanted pathogens to avoid hypersensitivity reactions and immune related diseases. The ideal immune responses are the results of corrective interaction between the innate immune cells and acquired components of the immune system. Recently, the interest towards the immune system increased as significant target of toxicity due to exposure of chemicals, drugs and environmental pollutants. Numerous factors are involved in altering the immune responses of the host such as sex, age, stress, malnutrition, alcohol, genetic variability, life styles, environmental-pollutants and chemotherapy exposure. Immunomodulation is any modification of immune responses, often involved induction, amplification, attenuation or inhibition of immune responses. Several synthetic or traditional medicines are available in the market which promptly have many serious adverse effects and create pathogenic resistance. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring molecules, which significantly play an imperative role in modulating favorable immune responses. The present review emphasizes on the risk factors associated with alterations in immune responses, and immunomodulatory activity of phytochemicals specifically, glycosides, alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and sterols and sterolins.
宿主正常运作的免疫系统在维持普通生理和免疫功能以及内部环境方面起着关键作用。平衡的免疫增强了对感染、疾病和不需要的病原体的防御机制，以避免过敏反应和免疫相关疾病。理想的免疫反应是先天免疫细胞和获得性免疫成分之间正确相互作用的结果。最近，由于暴露于化学物质、药物和环境污染物，免疫系统成为毒性的重要靶点，人们对免疫系统的兴趣日益增加。许多因素参与改变宿主的免疫反应，如性别、年龄、压力、营养不良、酒精、遗传变异性、生活方式、环境污染物和化疗暴露。免疫调节是对免疫反应的任何修饰，通常涉及诱导、放大、衰减或抑制免疫反应。市场上有许多合成或传统药物，它们会迅速产生许多严重的不良反应，并产生致病抗性。植物化学物质是天然存在的分子，它们在调节有利的免疫反应方面起着重要作用。本综述强调了与免疫反应改变相关的风险因素，以及植物化学物质，特别是糖苷、生物碱、酚酸、类黄酮、皂苷、单宁和甾醇和甾醇的免疫调节活性。
