Pfeifer M, Hamer O W
Klinik II für Innere Medizin, Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Deutschland.
Klinikum Donaustauf, Donaustauf, Deutschland.
Gastroenterologe. 2020;15(6):457-470. doi: 10.1007/s11377-020-00488-x. Epub 2020 Nov 11.
The prognosis of patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is determined by the severity of lower respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The majority of patients demonstrate mild symptoms only. However, development of pneumonia is associated with the risk of severe respiratory insufficiency. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of specimens from the upper and/or lower respiratory tract is the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Radiology and especially high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) are important for diagnosis and follow-up. This narrative review provides an overview of clinical signs and the complex and unique pathophysiology of COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiological features are addressed. Therapy is mainly supportive with the most important task being management of respiratory insufficiency. Recently, promising data were presented regarding effectiveness of antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）患者的预后取决于严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的下呼吸道感染的严重程度。大多数患者仅表现出轻微症状。然而，肺炎的发展与严重呼吸功能不全的风险相关。上呼吸道和/或下呼吸道标本的逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）是诊断COVID-19的金标准。放射学，尤其是高分辨率计算机断层扫描（HRCT）对诊断和随访很重要。这篇叙述性综述概述了COVID-19肺炎的临床体征以及复杂而独特的病理生理学。文中还讨论了放射学特征。治疗主要是支持性的，最重要的任务是处理呼吸功能不全。最近，有关抗病毒和抗炎药物有效性的研究给出了令人鼓舞的数据。
