School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K.
Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K.
Emerg Top Life Sci. 2020 Dec 17;4(6):613-625. doi: 10.1042/ETLS20200195.
The emergence of nanomaterials for dental treatments is encouraged by the nanotopography of the tooth structure, together with the promising benefits of nanomedicine. The use of nanoparticles in dentistry, also termed as 'nanodentistry', has manifested in applications for remineralisation, antimicrobial activity, local anaesthesia, anti-inflammation, osteoconductivity and stem cell differentiation. Besides the applications on dental tissues, nanoparticles have been used to enhance the mechanical properties of dental composites, improving their bonding and anchorage and reducing friction. The small particle size allows for enhanced permeation into deeper lesions, and reduction in porosities of dental composites for higher mechanical strength. The large surface area to volume ratio allows for enhanced bioactivity such as bonding and integration, and more intense action towards microorganisms. Controlled release of encapsulated bioactive molecules such as drugs and growth factors enables them to be delivered more precisely, with site-targeted delivery for localised treatments. These properties have benefitted across multiple fields within dentistry, including periodontology and endodontics and reengineering of dental prosthetics and braces. This review summarises the current literature on the emerging field of nanomaterials for dental treatments.
纳米材料在牙科治疗中的应用受到牙齿结构的纳米形貌以及纳米医学的潜在益处的鼓励。纳米粒子在牙科中的应用，也称为“纳米牙科”，已经在再矿化、抗菌活性、局部麻醉、抗炎、骨传导性和干细胞分化等方面得到了体现。除了在牙科组织上的应用外，纳米粒子还被用于增强牙科复合材料的机械性能，提高其粘结性和锚固性，并减少摩擦。小的颗粒尺寸允许增强渗透到更深的病变部位，并减少牙科复合材料的孔隙率以获得更高的机械强度。较大的表面积与体积比允许增强生物活性，如粘结和整合，并对微生物产生更强烈的作用。封装的生物活性分子（如药物和生长因子）的控制释放使它们能够更精确地输送，通过局部治疗的靶向输送。这些特性已经在多个牙科领域受益，包括牙周病学和牙髓病学以及牙科修复体和牙套的再工程。本文综述了纳米材料在牙科治疗中的新兴领域的现有文献。
