Tran Hoai My, Tran Hien, Booth Marsilea A, Fox Kate E, Nguyen Thi Hiep, Tran Nhiem, Tran Phong A
Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
Interface Science and Materials Engineering Group, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020 Nov 13;10(11):2253. doi: 10.3390/nano10112253.
Bacterial biofilms are involved in most device-associated infections and remain a challenge for modern medicine. One major approach to addressing this problem is to prevent the formation of biofilms using novel antimicrobial materials, device surface modification or local drug delivery; however, successful preventive measures are still extremely limited. The other approach is concerned with treating biofilms that have already formed on the devices; this approach is the focus of our manuscript. Treating biofilms associated with medical devices has unique challenges due to the biofilm's extracellular polymer substance (EPS) and the biofilm bacteria's resistance to most conventional antimicrobial agents. The treatment is further complicated by the fact that the treatment must be suitable for applying on devices surrounded by host tissue in many cases. Nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for preventing biofilm formation on medical devices, yet their applications in treating bacterial biofilm remains to be further investigated due to the fact that treating the biofilm bacteria and destroying the EPS are much more challenging than preventing adhesion of planktonic bacteria or inhibiting their surface colonization. In this highly focused review, we examined only studies that demonstrated successful EPS destruction and biofilm bacteria killing and provided in-depth description of the nanomaterials and the biofilm eradication efficacy, followed by discussion of key issues in this topic and suggestion for future development.
细菌生物膜与大多数与器械相关的感染有关，仍然是现代医学面临的一个挑战。解决这个问题的一个主要方法是使用新型抗菌材料、器械表面改性或局部给药来防止生物膜的形成；然而，成功的预防措施仍然极其有限。另一种方法则涉及治疗已经在器械上形成的生物膜；这是我们手稿的重点。由于生物膜的胞外聚合物物质（EPS）以及生物膜细菌对大多数传统抗菌剂具有抗性，治疗与医疗器械相关的生物膜面临着独特的挑战。在许多情况下，由于治疗必须适用于应用于被宿主组织包围的器械，这一事实使治疗更加复杂。纳米材料已被广泛研究用于防止医疗器械上生物膜的形成，但由于治疗生物膜细菌和破坏EPS比防止浮游细菌粘附或抑制其表面定植更具挑战性，它们在治疗细菌生物膜方面的应用仍有待进一步研究。在这篇高度聚焦的综述中，我们仅考察了那些证明成功破坏EPS和杀死生物膜细菌的研究，并对纳米材料和生物膜根除效果进行了深入描述，随后讨论了该主题的关键问题并对未来发展提出了建议。
