Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Guru Nanak College of Science, Ballarpur, Chandrapur - 442701, India.
Department of Physics, R.T.M., Nagpur University, Nagpur - 44003, India.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2021;22(13):1794-1811. doi: 10.2174/1389201021666201117121452.
For the last two decades, extensive research is conducted on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and their application in the field of medical, cosmetics, catalysts, packaging, photonics, agriculture and electronics. However, these nanoparticles show toxicity to the environmental, human and animal health. The toxicity effects of nanoparticles are mainly due to their size, which can easily pass through physiological barriers and also due to the synthesis procedure. The toxicity due to their size cannot be avoided, but toxicity due to the synthesis process can be nullified by adopting the biosynthesis process. Bacteria, fungus, fish scales, plant extracts and algae are used to synthesize metal and metal- oxide nanoparticles such as silver, gold, iron-oxide, zinc-oxide, zirconia, etc. For the last few years, researchers have been working on synthesis methods of plant extracts to produce stable, cost-effective and economical nanoparticles. In this review, we focus on the biosynthesis of nanoparticles using different parts of plant extracts. The review contains a summary of selected papers from 2018-20 with a detailed description of the process of synthesis, mechanism, characterization and their application in various fields of biosynthesized metal and metal oxide nanoparticles.
在过去的二十年中，人们对金属和金属氧化物纳米粒子进行了广泛的研究，并将其应用于医学、化妆品、催化剂、包装、光子学、农业和电子等领域。然而，这些纳米粒子对环境、人类和动物健康表现出毒性。纳米粒子的毒性效应主要归因于其尺寸，这些纳米粒子很容易穿透生理屏障，也归因于其合成过程。由于尺寸引起的毒性无法避免，但可以通过采用生物合成过程来消除由于合成过程引起的毒性。细菌、真菌、鱼鳞、植物提取物和藻类被用于合成银、金、氧化铁、氧化锌、氧化锆等金属和金属氧化物纳米粒子。在过去的几年中，研究人员一直在研究植物提取物的合成方法，以生产稳定、具有成本效益和经济实惠的纳米粒子。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了使用植物提取物的不同部分来合成纳米粒子的方法。该综述包含了 2018 年至 2023 年期间选定论文的摘要，详细描述了合成过程、机制、表征以及它们在生物合成金属和金属氧化物纳米粒子的各个领域中的应用。
