Tracqui Antoine, Deguette Céline, Delabarde Tania, Delannoy Yann, Plu Isabelle, Sec Isabelle, Hamza Lilia, Taccoen Marc, Ludes Bertrand
Medico-Legal Institute of Besançon, Saint-Jacques Hospital, Besançon, France.
Medico-Legal Institute of Paris, Paris, France.
Forensic Sci Res. 2020 Nov 2;5(3):202-207. doi: 10.1080/20961790.2020.1811487.
On the evening of November 13, 2015, the city of Paris and its surroundings was hit by a series of attacks committed by terrorist groups, using firearms and explosives. The final toll was 140 people deceased (130 victims and 10 terrorists or their relatives) and more than 413 injured, making these attacks the worst mass killings ever recorded in Paris in peacetime. This article presents the forensic operations carried out at the Medicolegal Institute of Paris (MLIP) following these attacks. A total of 68 autopsies of bodies or body fragments and 83 external examinations were performed within 7 days, and the overall forensic operations (including formal identification of the latest victims) were completed 10 days after the attacks. Over this period, 156 body presentations (some bodies were presented several times) were provided to families or relatives. Regarding the 130 civilian casualties, 129 died from firearm wounds and one died from blast injuries after an explosion. Of the 10 terrorists or their relatives who were killed, eight died from suicide bombing, one was shot by police and one died from crush injuries due to partial collapse of a building following the police raid against a terrorist's hideout after the attacks. All mass shootings were perpetrated with AK-47 or Zastava M70 assault rifles using 7.62 mm × 39 mm cartridges. In the case of ballistic injuries, death was most often obviously caused by craniocerebral injuries, extensive organ lacerations and/or massive haemorrhage. Among the terrorists killed by bombing, the lesion patterns were body transection, multiple amputations, extreme organ lacerations and the presence of foreign bodies owing to the shrapnel load (steel nuts, glass fragments) or the explosive charge fastening system of the devices. This discussion highlights the particular difficulties of interpretation encountered within the framework of ballistic injuries, a conclusion that should lead to a modest and realistic approach in these exceptional situations where forensic operations involve a very large number of victims in a constrained time.
2015年11月13日晚，巴黎市及其周边地区遭受了恐怖组织发动的一系列袭击，袭击者使用了枪支和炸药。最终死亡人数为140人（130名受害者和10名恐怖分子或其亲属），413人以上受伤，这些袭击成为巴黎和平时期有记录以来最严重的大规模杀戮事件。本文介绍了巴黎法医学研究所（MLIP）在这些袭击事件后开展的法医工作。在7天内共进行了68次尸体或尸体碎片解剖以及83次外部检查，整个法医工作（包括对最新受害者的正式身份鉴定）在袭击事件发生10天后完成。在此期间，向家属或亲属提供了156次尸体展示（有些尸体被展示了多次）。在130名平民伤亡者中，129人死于枪伤，1人死于爆炸后的爆炸伤。在10名被击毙的恐怖分子或其亲属中，8人死于自杀式爆炸，1人被警察击毙，1人在袭击后警方突袭恐怖分子藏身之处时因建筑物部分坍塌而死于挤压伤。所有大规模枪击事件均使用AK - 47或扎斯塔瓦M70突击步枪，使用7.62毫米×39毫米弹药。在弹道伤的情况下，死亡最常见的明显原因是颅脑损伤、广泛的器官撕裂和/或大量出血。在被炸弹炸死的恐怖分子中，损伤模式为身体横断、多处截肢、极端的器官撕裂以及由于弹片负荷（钢螺母、玻璃碎片）或装置的炸药固定系统而出现的异物。本讨论强调了在弹道伤框架内遇到的特殊解释困难，这一结论应促使在这些特殊情况下采取适度且现实的方法，因为法医工作在有限时间内涉及大量受害者。
