Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Korea.
Molecules. 2020 Nov 17;25(22):5357. doi: 10.3390/molecules25225357.
The digestion rates of microalgal (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, 56.8%; palmitic acid, 22.4%), fish (DHA, 10.8%; eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, 16.2%), and soybean oils (oleic, 21.7%; linoleic acid, 54.6%) were compared by coupling the in vitro multi-step and in vivo apparent digestion models using mice. The in vitro digestion rate estimated based on the released free fatty acids content was remarkably higher in soybean and fish oils than in microalgal oil in 30 min; however, microalgal and fish oils had similar digestion rates at longer digestion. The in vivo digestibility of microalgal oil (91.49%) was lower than those of soybean (96.50%) and fish oils (96.99%). Among the constituent fatty acids of the diet oils, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) exhibited the highest digestibility, followed by EPA, DHA, palmitoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acid, demonstrating increased digestibility with reduced chain length and increased unsaturation degree of fatty acid. The diet oils affected the deposition of fatty acids in mouse tissues, and DHA concentrations were high in epididymal fat, liver, and brain of mice fed microalgal oil. In the present study, microalgal oil showed lower in vitro and in vivo digestibility, despite adequate DHA incorporation into major mouse organs, such as the brain and liver.
采用体外多步消化模型和体内表观消化模型相结合的方法比较了微藻（二十二碳六烯酸，DHA，56.8%；棕榈酸，22.4%）、鱼类（DHA，10.8%；二十碳五烯酸，EPA，16.2%）和大豆油（油酸，21.7%；亚油酸，54.6%）的消化率。基于释放的游离脂肪酸含量估计的体外消化率在 30 分钟内显著高于微藻油和鱼油；然而，在较长的消化时间内，微藻油和鱼油具有相似的消化率。微藻油的体内消化率（91.49%）低于大豆油（96.50%）和鱼油（96.99%）。在饮食油的组成脂肪酸中，二十二碳五烯酸（DPA）的消化率最高，其次是 EPA、DHA、棕榈油酸、油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸，表明随着脂肪酸链长的缩短和不饱和程度的增加，消化率增加。饮食油影响脂肪酸在小鼠组织中的沉积，并且在喂食微藻油的小鼠的附睾脂肪、肝脏和大脑中 DHA 浓度较高。在本研究中，尽管微藻油能够充分将 DHA 整合到大脑和肝脏等主要的小鼠器官中，但它的体外和体内消化率较低。
