Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, New York.
College of Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2022 Apr;16(2):570-582. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.292. Epub 2020 Nov 20.
The main objective of this research was to generate a consensus on the conceptual definition of household emergency preparedness from experts representing multiple disciplines and countries, in order to facilitate the development of an all-hazards, comprehensive, valid, and reliable instrument.
Questions were generated via 3 methods: literature search, using existing instruments, and expert panels using the Delphi technique.
Panelists (n = 154) representing 36 countries came to a consensus that household emergency preparedness is defined as the completion of several preparedness actions and assembling a kit that can be transported in an evacuation. The new 51-question instrument demonstrates face, content, and criterion validity and internal consistency reliability (α = 0.96). The instrument assesses whether specific preparedness actions have been taken, and the presence or absence of essential supplies that could enable households to safely endure conditions that disasters would likely present (loss of power, water limitations, and/or lack of access to additional supplies for a few days).
A valid and reliable instrument provides researchers with a replicable approach to assessment of preparedness levels, which is necessary to plan mitigation strategies, enhance health promotion, prevent injuries, and increase resilience for individuals and communities. The instrument can provide evidence to support interventions addressing health needs of community members following a disaster.
本研究的主要目的是通过代表多个学科和国家的专家就家庭应急准备的概念定义达成共识，以便开发一种针对各种灾害、全面、有效和可靠的工具。
通过三种方法生成问题：文献检索、使用现有工具和专家小组使用德尔菲技术。
来自 36 个国家的 154 名小组成员达成共识，认为家庭应急准备的定义是完成几项准备工作，并组装一个可以在疏散中运输的工具包。新的 51 个问题工具具有表面、内容和标准有效性以及内部一致性可靠性（α=0.96）。该工具评估是否采取了特定的准备行动，以及是否存在可以使家庭安全应对灾害可能带来的条件（停电、水资源限制以及/或几天内无法获得其他物资）的基本物资。
有效的和可靠的工具为研究人员提供了一种可复制的方法来评估准备水平，这对于制定减轻策略、加强健康促进、预防伤害和提高个人和社区的弹性是必要的。该工具可以提供证据支持针对灾难后社区成员健康需求的干预措施。
