Sun Yi, Gao Lujuan, Zhang Youwen, Yang Ji, Zeng Tongxiang
Department of Dermatology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Nov 3;11:579362. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.579362. eCollection 2020.
The effects of pyrvinium pamoate alone and in combination with azoles [itraconazole (ITC), posaconazole (POS), and voriconazole (VRC)] were evaluated against both and . A total of 18 clinical strains of were studied, including azole-resistant isolates harboring the combination of punctual mutation and a tandem repeat sequence in the Cyp51A gene (AFR1 with TR34/L98H and AFR2 with TR46/Y121F/T289A). The results revealed that pyrvinium individually exhibited minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/ml against AFR1 but was ineffective against other tested strains (MIC > 32 μg/ml). Nevertheless, the synergistic effects of pyrvinium with ITC, VRC, or POS were observed in 15 [83.3%, fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) 0.125-0.375], 11 (61.1%, FICI 0.258-0.281), and 16 (88.9%, FICI 0.039-0.281) strains, respectively, demonstrating the potential of pyrvinium in reversion of ITC and POS resistance of both AFR1 (FICI 0.275, 0.281) and AFR2 (FICI 0.125, 0.039). The effective MIC ranges in synergistic combinations were 0.25-8 μg/ml for pyrvinium, 0.125-4 μg/ml for ITC, and 0.125 μg/ml for both VRC and POS, demonstrating 4- to 32-fold reduction in MICs of azoles and up to 64-fold reduction in MICs of pyrvinium, respectively. There was no antagonism. The effect of pyrvinium-azole combinations was evaluated by survival assay and fungal burden determination in the model infected with AF293, AFR1, and AFR2. Pyrvinium alone significantly prolonged the survival of larvae infected with AF293 ( < 0.01) and AFR1 ( < 0.0001) and significantly decreased the tissue fungal burden of larvae infected with AFR1 ( < 0.0001). Pyrvinium combined with azoles significantly improved larvae survival ( < 0.0001) and decreased larvae tissue fungal burden in all three isolates ( < 0.0001). Notably, despite AFR2 infection was resistant to VRC or pyrvinium alone, pyrvinium combined with VRC significantly prolonged survival of both AFR1 and AFR2 infected larvae ( < 0.0001). In summary, the preliminary results indicated that the combination with pyrvinium and azoles had the potential to overcome azole resistance issues of and could be a promising option for anti- treatment.
评估了单独使用帕马喹以及帕马喹与唑类药物[伊曲康唑(ITC)、泊沙康唑(POS)和伏立康唑(VRC)]联合使用对[具体两种情况未明确写出]的效果。共研究了18株[具体菌种未明确写出]临床菌株,包括在Cyp51A基因中携带点突变和串联重复序列组合的唑类耐药分离株(AFR1伴有TR34/L98H和AFR2伴有TR46/Y121F/T289A)。结果显示,帕马喹对AFR1的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为2μg/ml,但对其他测试菌株无效(MIC>32μg/ml)。然而,在15株(83.3%,部分抑菌浓度指数(FICI)为0.125 - 0.375)、11株(61.1%,FICI为0.258 - 0.281)和16株(88.9%,FICI为0.039 - 0.281)菌株中分别观察到帕马喹与ITC、VRC或POS的协同作用,证明帕马喹有逆转AFR1(FICI为0.275,0.281)和AFR2(FICI为0.125,0.039)对ITC和POS耐药性的潜力。协同组合中帕马喹的有效MIC范围为0.25 - 8μg/ml,ITC为0.125 - 4μg/ml,VRC和POS均为0.125μg/ml,分别表明唑类药物的MIC降低了4至32倍,帕马喹的MIC降低了高达64倍。未观察到拮抗作用。通过在感染AF293、AFR1和AFR2的[具体模型未明确写出]模型中进行存活试验和真菌负荷测定,评估了帕马喹 - 唑类组合的效果。单独使用帕马喹可显著延长感染AF293(P<0.01)和AFR1(P<0.0001)幼虫的存活时间,并显著降低感染AFR1幼虫的组织真菌负荷(P<0.0001)。帕马喹与唑类联合使用可显著提高所有三种分离株幼虫的存活率(P<0.0001)并降低幼虫组织真菌负荷(P<0.0001)。值得注意的是,尽管AFR2感染单独对VRC或帕马喹耐药,但帕马喹与VRC联合使用可显著延长感染AFR1和AFR2幼虫的存活时间(P<0.0001)。总之,初步结果表明,帕马喹与唑类联合使用有可能克服[具体菌种未明确写出]的唑类耐药问题,可能是抗[具体菌种未明确写出]治疗的一个有前景的选择。