Center of Research in Psychological and Somatic disorders (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. BOX 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
UvA minds, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020 Nov 23;20(1):718. doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-03415-8.
Receiving epidural analgesia during labor can possibly have negative consequences for mother and child. Yet, the use of epidural analgesia rapidly increased in the Netherlands over the last decade. Since antenatal plans for labor pain relief have been related to epidural analgesia use during labor, the aim of the current study was to develop a Labor Pain Relief Attitude Questionnaire for pregnant women (LPRAQ-p).
Three focus group interviews were conducted with pregnant women, new mothers and caregivers and 13 candidate items were derived. Psychometric properties were tested with explorative factor analysis in sample I (N = 429) and a subsequent confirmatory factor analysis in a different sample II (N = 432).
The explorative factor analysis suggested a two-factor seven-item solution: a 'women's perception' and 'social environment' subscale. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed an excellent six-item model fit with appropriate internal consistency. Higher scores on the six-item LPRAQ-p indicate greater willingness for request of pain relief medication during labor. Two-tailed t-tests showed that women with elevated levels of depression and pregnancy-specific distress symptoms, nulliparous women and multiparous women with complications during a previous delivery had greater willingness for request of pain relief medication during labor. Linear regression showed that the most important association with higher scores on the LPRAQ-p were high pregnancy-specific distress symptoms.
This study showed the LPRAQ-p to be a valid instrument to evaluate attitude towards labor pain relief in pregnant women. High scores on this questionnaire are associated with high levels of pregnancy-specific distress symptoms.
分娩时接受硬膜外镇痛可能对母婴有负面影响。然而，在过去十年中，荷兰硬膜外镇痛的使用迅速增加。由于分娩时缓解疼痛的产前计划与硬膜外镇痛的使用有关，因此本研究的目的是为孕妇开发一种分娩疼痛缓解态度问卷（LPRAQ-p）。
对孕妇、新妈妈和护理人员进行了三次焦点小组访谈，得出了 13 项候选项目。在样本 I（N=429）中进行了探索性因子分析，在另一个样本 II（N=432）中进行了后续验证性因子分析，以检验心理测量学特性。
探索性因子分析表明，该问卷存在两个七项因子结构：“女性感知”和“社会环境”子量表。验证性因子分析证实了一个具有适当内部一致性的优秀六因子模型拟合。LPRAQ-p 上的得分越高，表明在分娩时更愿意请求使用止痛药物。双尾 t 检验显示，抑郁和妊娠特异性焦虑症状水平较高、初产妇、前次分娩有并发症的经产妇在分娩时更愿意请求使用止痛药物。线性回归显示，与 LPRAQ-p 得分较高相关的最重要因素是妊娠特异性焦虑症状较高。
本研究表明 LPRAQ-p 是评估孕妇分娩疼痛缓解态度的有效工具。该问卷的高分与较高的妊娠特异性焦虑症状水平相关。
