Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
Instituto de Química, Ciudad UniversitariaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
Chem Rev. 2020 Dec 23;120(24):13480-13544. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00672. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
Compartmentalization of the aqueous space within a cell is necessary for life. In similar fashion to the nanometer-scale compartments in living systems, synthetic water-soluble coordination cages (WSCCs) can isolate guest molecules and host chemical transformations. Such cages thus show promise in biological, medical, environmental, and industrial domains. This review highlights examples of three-dimensional synthetic WSCCs, offering perspectives so as to enhance their design and applications. Strategies are presented that address key challenges for the preparation of coordination cages that are soluble and stable in water. The peculiarities of guest binding in aqueous media are examined, highlighting amplified binding in water, changing guest properties, and the recognition of specific molecular targets. The properties of WSCC hosts associated with biomedical applications, and their use as vessels to carry out chemical reactions in water, are also presented. These examples sketch a blueprint for the preparation of new metal-organic containers for use in aqueous solution, as well as guidelines for the engineering of new applications in water.
细胞内水相的分隔对于生命来说是必需的。类似于活系统中的纳米级隔间，合成水溶性配位笼（WSCC）可以隔离客体分子并进行主体化学转化。因此，这些笼在生物、医学、环境和工业领域都有应用前景。这篇综述突出了三维合成 WSCC 的例子，提供了一些观点，以增强它们的设计和应用。本文提出了一些策略，以解决在水中制备可溶性和稳定的配位笼的关键挑战。还考察了在水介质中客体结合的特殊性，突出了在水中的放大结合、客体性质的改变以及对特定分子靶标的识别。介绍了 WSCC 主体与生物医学应用相关的性质，以及它们作为在水中进行化学反应的容器的用途。这些例子为在水溶液中制备新的金属有机容器以及在水中设计新应用提供了蓝图和指导原则。
