Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Health Promotion Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020 Nov 26;17(1):143. doi: 10.1186/s12966-020-01042-2.
In July, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) commenced work to update the 2010 Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health and established a Guideline Development Group (GDG) comprising expert public health scientists and practitioners to inform the drafting of the 2020 Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior. The overall task of the GDG was to review the scientific evidence and provide expert advice to the WHO on the amount of physical activity and sedentary behavior associated with optimal health in children and adolescents, adults, older adults (> 64 years), and also specifically in pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disabilities.
The GDG reviewed the available evidence specific to each sub-population using systematic protocols and in doing so, identified a number of gaps in the existing literature. These proposed research gaps were discussed and verified by expert consensus among the entire GDG.
Evidence gaps across population sub-groups included a lack of information on: 1) the precise shape of the dose-response curve between physical activity and/or sedentary behavior and several of the health outcomes studied; 2) the health benefits of light-intensity physical activity and of breaking up sedentary time with light-intensity activity; 3) differences in the health effects of different types and domains of physical activity (leisure-time; occupational; transportation; household; education) and of sedentary behavior (occupational; screen time; television viewing); and 4) the joint association between physical activity and sedentary time with health outcomes across the life course. In addition, we acknowledge the need to conduct more population-based studies in low- and middle-income countries and in people living with disabilities and/or chronic disease, and to identify how various sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status) modify the health effects of physical activity, in order to address global health disparities.
Although the 2020 WHO Guidelines for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior were informed by the most up-to-date research on the health effects of physical activity and sedentary time, there is still substantial work to be done in advancing the global physical activity agenda.
2019 年 7 月，世界卫生组织（世卫组织）开始更新 2010 年《全球身体活动促进健康指南》，并成立了一个指导方针制定小组（GDG），由公共卫生领域的专家学者和从业人员组成，为 2020 年《身体活动与久坐行为指南》的起草工作提供信息。GDG 的总体任务是审查相关科学证据，并就与儿童和青少年、成年人、老年人（>64 岁）以及孕妇和产后妇女以及患有慢性病或残疾人士的最佳健康相关的身体活动和久坐行为量向世卫组织提供专家建议。
GDG 使用系统方案审查了每个亚人群的现有证据，并在此过程中发现了现有文献中的一些空白。这些提议的研究空白由整个 GDG 的专家共识进行讨论和验证。
各人群亚组的证据空白包括缺乏以下信息：1）身体活动和/或久坐行为与所研究的健康结果之间的剂量反应曲线的确切形状；2）低强度身体活动和用低强度活动打断久坐时间的健康益处；3）不同类型和领域的身体活动（休闲时间、职业、交通、家务、教育）和久坐行为（职业、屏幕时间、看电视时间）的健康影响的差异；以及 4）身体活动和久坐时间与整个生命过程中健康结果的联合关联。此外，我们认识到需要在低收入和中等收入国家以及残疾人和/或慢性病患者中开展更多基于人群的研究，并确定各种社会人口因素（年龄、性别、种族/民族、社会经济地位）如何改变身体活动的健康影响，以解决全球健康差距。
尽管 2020 年世卫组织《身体活动和久坐行为指南》是基于身体活动和久坐时间对健康影响的最新研究，但在推进全球身体活动议程方面仍有大量工作要做。
