Cano-Lozano M Carmen, Rodríguez-Díaz F Javier, León Samuel P, Contreras Lourdes
Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2020 Nov 10;11:590097. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590097. eCollection 2020.
The relationship between child-to-parent violence (CPV) and the perceived parental warmth dimension has been well established. However, it is necessary to further investigate the nature of this relationship considering the involvement of other variables. The objective of this study was to analyze the role of cognitive (hostile attribution), emotional (anger), and social variables (deviant peer group and drug use) in the relationship between the perceived parental warmth dimension (warmth-communication and criticism-rejection) and CPV motivated by reactive or instrumental reasons. The community sample consisted of 1,599 Spanish adolescents (54.8% girls) between the ages of 12 and 18 years ( = 14.6, = 1.6 years) from different secondary schools in Jaén (75.3%) and Oviedo (24.7%) (Spain). Each participant completed the Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire (CPV-Q), the Warmth Scale (WS), adolescents' version, the Social Information Processing (SIP) in Child-to-parent Conflicts Questionnaire and Deviant Peers and Drug Use Questionnaires. The results indicate that perceived parental warmth is negatively correlated with hostile attribution, adolescent anger, relationship with a deviant peer group, while perceived parental criticism is positively linked to these variables. Likewise, hostile attribution and adolescent anger are positively linked to reactive CPV. Relationship with a deviant peer group is associated with drug use, which also predicts both reactive and instrumental CPV. In sum, a lack of perceived parental warmth has important repercussions in the form of the psychological and social maladjustment of children, which in turn is differentially correlated with reactive or instrumental CPV. Thus, prevention and intervention programs for CPV should consider, on the one hand, working with parents on parental practices that incorporate parental warmth as a fundamental element and, on the other hand, working with children on cognitive, emotional, and social aspects, taking into account the different motivations for this type of violence.
儿童对父母的暴力行为（CPV）与感知到的父母温暖维度之间的关系已得到充分证实。然而，考虑到其他变量的参与，有必要进一步研究这种关系的本质。本研究的目的是分析认知（敌意归因）、情感（愤怒）和社会变量（不良同伴群体和药物使用）在感知到的父母温暖维度（温暖沟通和批评拒绝）与由反应性或工具性原因引发的CPV之间的关系中所起的作用。社区样本包括来自哈恩（75.3%）和奥维耶多（24.7%）（西班牙）不同中学的1599名12至18岁的西班牙青少年（54.8%为女孩）（平均年龄 = 14.6岁，标准差 = 1.6岁）。每位参与者完成了儿童对父母暴力行为问卷（CPV-Q）、青少年版温暖量表（WS）、儿童与父母冲突中的社会信息处理（SIP）问卷以及不良同伴和药物使用问卷。结果表明，感知到的父母温暖与敌意归因、青少年愤怒、与不良同伴群体的关系呈负相关，而感知到的父母批评与这些变量呈正相关。同样，敌意归因和青少年愤怒与反应性CPV呈正相关。与不良同伴群体的关系与药物使用相关，药物使用也可预测反应性和工具性CPV。总之，缺乏感知到的父母温暖会以儿童心理和社会适应不良的形式产生重要影响，而这又与反应性或工具性CPV存在不同程度的关联。因此，针对CPV的预防和干预项目一方面应与父母合作，开展将父母温暖作为基本要素的育儿实践，另一方面应与儿童合作，关注认知、情感和社会方面，同时考虑到这类暴力行为的不同动机。
