Virtual reality programs are being actively utilized in various education fields, but not many have been developed/used in nursing. This study aimed to explore the essential components and improvements needed in an adult nursing VR-based simulation training program for nursing students through focus group interviews (FGIs). This was a qualitative study. Fourteen nursing students from three cities in Korea who had experienced clinical practice and simulation training participated. They were divided into three FGIs. Data were collected from February-March 2020. We analyzed the data from the FGIs using Colaizzi's phenomenological methodology. In total, 40 themes emerged, divided into 13 theme clusters and the following four categories. When developing an adult nursing VR-based simulation training program, the development should focus on addressing the limitations of conventional clinical practice, and these should be analyzed; it should also reflect students' needs, including the following: provide an array of scenarios/skills to be trained; difficulty-specific learning scenarios; immediate feedback (e.g., those in computerized games); simulate emergency situations; simulate clinical cases that are difficult to experience in clinical practice; and allow for the training of patient-nurse communication skills.