Penney N, Barton W, Posma J M, Darzi A, Frost G, Cotter P D, Holmes E, Shanahan F, O'Sullivan O, Garcia-Perez I
Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
mSystems. 2020 Dec 1;5(6):e00677-20. doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00677-20.
We investigated the individual and combined effects of diet and physical exercise on metabolism and the gut microbiome to establish how these lifestyle factors influence host-microbiome cometabolism. Urinary and fecal samples were collected from athletes and less active controls. Individuals were further classified according to an objective dietary assessment score of adherence to healthy dietary habits according to WHO guidelines, calculated from their proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) urinary profiles. Subsequent models were generated comparing extremes of dietary habits, exercise, and the combined effect of both. Differences in metabolic phenotypes and gut microbiome profiles between the two groups were assessed. Each of the models pertaining to diet healthiness, physical exercise, or a combination of both displayed a metabolic and functional microbial signature, with a significant proportion of the metabolites identified as discriminating between the various pairwise comparisons resulting from gut microbe-host cometabolism. Microbial diversity was associated with a combination of high adherence to healthy dietary habits and exercise and was correlated with a distinct array of microbially derived metabolites, including markers of proteolytic activity. Improved control of dietary confounders, through the use of an objective dietary assessment score, has uncovered further insights into the complex, multifactorial relationship between diet, exercise, the gut microbiome, and metabolism. Furthermore, the observation of higher proteolytic activity associated with higher microbial diversity indicates that increased microbial diversity may confer deleterious as well as beneficial effects on the host. Improved control of dietary confounders, through the use of an objective dietary assessment score, has uncovered further insights into the complex, multifactorial relationship between diet, exercise, the gut microbiome, and metabolism. Each of the models pertaining to diet healthiness, physical exercise, or a combination of both, displayed a distinct metabolic and functional microbial signature. A significant proportion of the metabolites identified as discriminating between the various pairwise comparisons result from gut microbe-host cometabolism, and the identified interactions have expanded current knowledge in this area. Furthermore, although increased microbial diversity has previously been linked with health, our observation of higher microbial diversity being associated with increased proteolytic activity indicates that it may confer deleterious as well as beneficial effects on the host.
我们研究了饮食和体育锻炼对新陈代谢及肠道微生物群的个体及联合影响，以确定这些生活方式因素如何影响宿主 - 微生物群的共同代谢。从运动员和活动较少的对照组收集尿液和粪便样本。根据世界卫生组织指南，通过质子核磁共振（H-NMR）尿液谱计算出的遵守健康饮食习惯的客观饮食评估得分，对个体进行进一步分类。随后生成模型，比较饮食习惯、运动的极端情况以及两者的联合效应。评估两组之间代谢表型和肠道微生物群谱的差异。与饮食健康、体育锻炼或两者结合相关的每个模型都显示出代谢和功能性微生物特征，在各种成对比较中鉴定出的大量代谢物是由肠道微生物 - 宿主共同代谢产生的。微生物多样性与高度遵守健康饮食习惯和运动的组合相关，并与一系列独特的微生物衍生代谢物相关，包括蛋白水解活性标志物。通过使用客观饮食评估得分更好地控制饮食混杂因素，进一步揭示了饮食、运动、肠道微生物群和新陈代谢之间复杂的多因素关系。此外，观察到与较高微生物多样性相关的蛋白水解活性更高，表明增加的微生物多样性可能对宿主产生有害和有益影响。通过使用客观饮食评估得分更好地控制饮食混杂因素，进一步揭示了饮食、运动、肠道微生物群和新陈代谢之间复杂的多因素关系。与饮食健康、体育锻炼或两者结合相关的每个模型都显示出独特的代谢和功能性微生物特征。在各种成对比较中鉴定出的大量代谢物是由肠道微生物 - 宿主共同代谢产生的，并且所确定的相互作用扩展了该领域的现有知识。此外，尽管先前已将增加的微生物多样性与健康联系起来，但我们观察到较高的微生物多样性与蛋白水解活性增加相关，这表明它可能对宿主产生有害和有益影响。
