Argaman Nathan
Department of Physics, Nuclear Research Center-Negev, P.O. Box 9001, Be'er Sheva 84190, Israel.
Entropy (Basel). 2018 Apr 18;20(4):294. doi: 10.3390/e20040294.
One of the basic assumptions underlying Bell's theorem is the causal arrow of time, having to do with temporal order rather than spatial separation. Nonetheless, the physical assumptions regarding causality are seldom studied in this context, and often even go unmentioned, in stark contrast with the many different possible locality conditions which have been studied and elaborated upon. In the present work, some retrocausal toy-models which reproduce the predictions of quantum mechanics for Bell-type correlations are reviewed. It is pointed out that a certain toy-model which is ostensibly superdeterministic-based on denying the free-variable status of some of quantum mechanics' input parameters-actually contains within it a complete retrocausal toy-model. Occam's razor thus indicates that the superdeterministic point of view is superfluous. A challenge is to generalize the retrocausal toy-models to a full theory-a reformulation of quantum mechanics-in which the standard causal arrow of time would be replaced by a more lenient one: an arrow of time applicable only to macroscopically-available information. In discussing such a reformulation, one finds that many of the perplexing features of quantum mechanics could arise naturally, especially in the context of stochastic theories.
贝尔定理背后的一个基本假设是时间的因果箭头，它与时间顺序而非空间分离有关。尽管如此，在这种背景下，关于因果关系的物理假设很少被研究，甚至常常被忽视，这与许多已被研究和阐述的不同可能的局域性条件形成鲜明对比。在本工作中，回顾了一些能够重现量子力学对贝尔型关联预测的逆因果玩具模型。需要指出的是，某个表面上基于否定量子力学一些输入参数的自由变量状态而呈现超决定论的玩具模型，实际上自身包含一个完整的逆因果玩具模型。因此，奥卡姆剃刀原理表明超决定论观点是多余的。一个挑战是将逆因果玩具模型推广到一个完整的理论——量子力学的一种重新表述——其中标准的时间因果箭头将被一个更宽松的箭头所取代：一个仅适用于宏观可用信息的时间箭头。在讨论这样一种重新表述时，人们发现量子力学的许多令人困惑的特征可能自然出现，特别是在随机理论的背景下。
