Peruhova Milena, Peshevska-Sekulovska Monika, Krastev Boris, Panayotova Gabriela, Georgieva Viktoriya, Konakchieva Rossitza, Nikolaev Georgi, Velikova Tsvetelina Veselinova
Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria.
Department of Clinical Oncology, MHAT Hospital for Women Health Nadezhda, Sofia 1330, Bulgaria.
World J Gastroenterol. 2020 Nov 14;26(42):6556-6571. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i42.6556.
In the last two decades, the vision of a unique carcinogenesis model for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has completely changed. In addition to the adenoma to carcinoma transition, colorectal carcinogenesis can also occur the serrated pathway. Small non-coding RNA, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), were also shown to be involved in progression towards malignancy. Furthermore, increased expression of certain miRNAs in premalignant sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) was found, emphasizing their role in the serrated pathway progression towards colon cancer. Since miRNAs function as post-transcriptional gene regulators, they have enormous potential to be used as useful biomarkers for CRC and screening in patients with SSLs particularly. In this review, we have summarized the most relevant information about the specific role of miRNAs and their relevant signaling pathways among different serrated lesions and polyps as well as in serrated adenocarcinoma. Additional focus is put on the correlation between gut immunity and miRNA expression in the serrated pathway, which remains unstudied.
在过去二十年中，结直肠癌（CRC）独特致癌模型的观点已完全改变。除了腺瘤到癌的转变外，结直肠癌的发生也可通过锯齿状途径。被称为微小RNA（miRNAs）的小非编码RNA也被证明参与了向恶性肿瘤的进展。此外，在癌前无蒂锯齿状病变（SSLs）中发现某些miRNAs的表达增加，强调了它们在锯齿状途径向结肠癌进展中的作用。由于miRNAs作为转录后基因调节因子发挥作用，它们具有巨大的潜力可作为CRC的有用生物标志物，尤其可用于SSLs患者的筛查。在本综述中，我们总结了关于miRNAs的特定作用及其在不同锯齿状病变和息肉以及锯齿状腺癌中的相关信号通路的最相关信息。另外还重点关注了肠道免疫与锯齿状途径中miRNA表达之间的相关性，这方面仍未得到研究。
