Simopoulos A P
Nutritional Sciences, International Life Sciences Institute Research Foundation, Washington, DC 20036.
Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother. 1987;4(3-4):227-39. doi: 10.1007/BF02934519.
Both animal and human studies indicate that increased caloric intake and increases in body weight and obesity are associated with increased risk of cancer of the breast, endometrium, ovaries, colon, rectum and prostate. Recent animal studies indicate that it is the total caloric intake, rather than the percent of fat in the diet, that is associated with tumorigenesis and carcinogenesis, and that tumor development depends on a complex interaction involving energy intake, energy expenditure, energy retention within the body (body fat vs lean body mass) and body size. Omega-3 fatty acids inhibit tumorigenesis and tumor growth in many cancer models in rodents. Exercise diminishes tumor formation in mice, rats and humans. Exercise delays mortality from all causes, and life-long exercise is associated with decreased cancers of the breast and reproductive system in women, and cancer of the colon in women and men.
动物研究和人体研究均表明，热量摄入增加、体重增加及肥胖与乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌、结肠癌、直肠癌和前列腺癌风险增加相关。近期动物研究表明，与肿瘤发生和致癌作用相关的是总热量摄入，而非饮食中的脂肪百分比，且肿瘤发展取决于能量摄入、能量消耗、体内能量留存（体脂与瘦体重）及体型之间的复杂相互作用。在许多啮齿动物癌症模型中，ω-3脂肪酸可抑制肿瘤发生和肿瘤生长。运动可减少小鼠、大鼠和人类的肿瘤形成。运动可延缓各种原因导致的死亡，长期运动与女性乳腺癌和生殖系统癌症以及男性和女性结肠癌发病率降低相关。
