Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
Nutrients. 2020 Dec 2;12(12):3717. doi: 10.3390/nu12123717.
Ingesting protein-containing supplements and foods provides essential amino acids (EAA) necessary to increase muscle and whole-body protein synthesis (WBPS). Large variations exist in the EAA composition of supplements and foods, ranging from free-form amino acids to whole protein foods. We sought to investigate how changes in peripheral EAA after ingesting various protein and free amino acid formats altered muscle and whole-body protein synthesis. Data were compiled from four previous studies that used primed, constant infusions of L-(ring-H)-phenylalanine and L-(3,3-H)-tyrosine to determine fractional synthetic rate of muscle protein (FSR), WBPS, and circulating EAA concentrations. Stepwise regression indicated that max EAA concentration (EAAC; R = 0.524, < 0.001), EAAC (R = 0.341, < 0.001), and change in EAA concentration (ΔEAA; R = 0.345, < 0.001) were the strongest predictors for postprandial FSR, Δ (change from post absorptive to postprandial) FSR, and ΔWBPS, respectively. Within our dataset, the stepwise regression equation indicated that a 100% increase in peripheral EAA concentrations increases FSR by ~34%. Further, we observed significant ( < 0.05) positive (R = 0.420-0.724) correlations between the plasma EAA area under the curve above baseline, EAAC, ΔEAA, and rate to EAAC to postprandial FSR, ΔFSR, and ΔWBPS. Taken together our results indicate that across a large variety of EAA/protein-containing formats and food, large increases in peripheral EAA concentrations are required to drive a robust increase in muscle and whole-body protein synthesis.
摄入含有蛋白质的补充剂和食物提供了增加肌肉和全身蛋白质合成（WBPS）所必需的必需氨基酸（EAA）。补充剂和食物中的 EAA 组成存在很大差异，从游离氨基酸到完整蛋白质食物不等。我们试图研究摄入各种蛋白质和游离氨基酸形式后外周 EAA 的变化如何改变肌肉和全身蛋白质合成。数据来自四项先前的研究，这些研究使用了 L-（环-H）-苯丙氨酸和 L-（3,3-H）-酪氨酸的脉冲恒速输注来确定肌肉蛋白的合成率（FSR）、WBPS 和循环 EAA 浓度。逐步回归表明最大 EAA 浓度（EAAC；R = 0.524，< 0.001）、EAAC（R = 0.341，< 0.001）和 EAA 浓度变化（ΔEAA；R = 0.345，< 0.001）是餐后 FSR、Δ（从吸收后到餐后的变化）FSR 和 ΔWBPS 的最强预测因子。在我们的数据集内，逐步回归方程表明外周 EAA 浓度增加 100%会使 FSR 增加约 34%。此外，我们观察到基础线上方的血浆 EAA 曲线下面积、EAAC、ΔEAA 和达到 EAAC 的速率与餐后 FSR、ΔFSR 和 ΔWBPS 之间存在显著的正相关（<0.05；R = 0.420-0.724）。综合来看，我们的结果表明，在各种 EAA/蛋白质形式和食物中，需要大量增加外周 EAA 浓度才能促进肌肉和全身蛋白质合成的大幅增加。
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