Bidzan-Bluma Ilona, Bidzan Monika, Jurek Paweł, Bidzan Leszek, Knietzsch Jessica, Stueck Marcus, Bidzan Mariola
Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Nov 17;11:585813. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.585813. eCollection 2020.
Psychological studies undertaken during the COVID-19 pandemic rarely include people in their 60s or older. In our study, we studied the predictors of quality of life, well-being, and life satisfaction (including risky behavior, trait anxiety, feeling of threat, sleep quality, and optimism) during the pandemic in older people from Germany and Poland and compared them to three different age groups. A total of 494 adults in four groups-60+ ( = 60), 50-60 ( = 139), 36-49 ( = 155), <35 ( = 140)-completed validated self-report questionnaires assessing: socio-demographic data, quality of life, trait anxiety, risk tolerance, Coronavirus threat, optimism regarding the pandemic, difficulty relaxing, life satisfaction, well-being, and sleep quality during the pandemic period. Older people rated their quality of life higher than did young (mean difference=0.74, =0.19, < 0.01) and middle-aged (mean difference=0.79, =0.18, < 0.01) participants, rated their life satisfaction higher than young (mean difference=1.23, = 0.31, < 0.01) and middle-aged (mean difference=0.92, = 0.30, < 0.05) participants, and rated their well-being higher than young (mean difference=1.40, = 0.31, < 0.01) and middle-aged (mean difference=0.91, = 0.31, < 0.05) participants. They also experienced lower levels of trait anxiety and Coronavirus threat (mean difference=-9.19, = 1.90, < 0.01) than the younger age groups. They experienced greater risk tolerance (mean difference=1.38, =0.33, < 0.01), sleep quality ( =1 .25; = 0.01), and optimism ( = 1.96; = 0.01), and had less difficulty relaxing during the pandemic ( = 3.75; = 0.02) than middle-aged respondents. Quality of life, life satisfaction, and well-being during the pandemic is affected by age, trait anxiety, and Coronavirus threat. Older people rated their quality of life, life satisfaction, and well-being during pandemic higher than young people, and experienced lower levels of trait anxiety and Coronavirus threat than the younger age groups. They experienced greater risk tolerance, sleep quality, and optimism, and had less difficulty relaxing than middle-aged respondents.
在新冠疫情期间开展的心理学研究很少将60岁及以上的人群纳入其中。在我们的研究中，我们对德国和波兰老年人在疫情期间生活质量、幸福感和生活满意度的预测因素（包括危险行为、特质焦虑、威胁感、睡眠质量和乐观情绪）进行了研究，并将他们与三个不同年龄组进行了比较。共有494名成年人分四组——60岁及以上组（n = 130）、50 - 60岁组（n = 139）、36 - 49岁组（n = 155）、35岁以下组（n = 140）——完成了经过验证的自我报告问卷，这些问卷评估了：社会人口统计学数据、生活质量、特质焦虑、风险承受能力、新冠病毒威胁、对疫情的乐观情绪、放松困难程度、生活满意度、幸福感以及疫情期间的睡眠质量。老年人对自己生活质量的评分高于年轻人（平均差异 = 0.74，t = 3.91，p < 0.01）和中年人（平均差异 = 0.79，t = 4.38，p < 0.01），对生活满意度的评分高于年轻人（平均差异 = 1.23，t = 3.98，p < 0.01）和中年人（平均差异 = 0.92，t = 3.07，p < 0.05），对幸福感的评分高于年轻人（平均差异 = 1.40，t = 4.52，p < 0.01）和中年人（平均差异 = 0.91，t = 2.93，p < 0.05）。他们的特质焦虑和新冠病毒威胁水平也低于年轻年龄组（平均差异 = -9.19，t = 4.83，p < 0.01）。与中年受访者相比，他们在疫情期间的风险承受能力更强（平均差异 = 1.38，t = 4.19，p < 0.01）、睡眠质量更好（t = 1.25；p = 0.01）、更乐观（t = 1.96；p = 0.01），且放松困难程度更低（t = 3.75；p = 0.02）。疫情期间的生活质量、生活满意度和幸福感受到年龄、特质焦虑和新冠病毒威胁的影响。老年人对疫情期间自己生活质量、生活满意度和幸福感的评分高于年轻人，且特质焦虑和新冠病毒威胁水平低于年轻年龄组。与中年受访者相比，他们的风险承受能力更强、睡眠质量更好、更乐观，且放松困难程度更低。
