Adlhoch Cornelia, Fusaro Alice, Kuiken Thijs, Niqueux Éric, Staubach Christoph, Terregino Calogero, Muñoz Guajardo Irene, Baldinelli Francesca
EFSA J. 2020 Sep 30;18(9):e06270. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6270. eCollection 2020 Sep.
Between 16 May and 15 August 2020, seven highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) virus outbreaks were reported in Europe in poultry, with one outbreak reported in Bulgaria(n=1) andsix in Hungary (n=6) and one low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A(H5N3) virus outbreak was reported in poultry in Italy. All six outbreaks detected in Hungary were secondary outbreaks and seem to be the tail end of the HPAI A(H5N8) epidemic that wasobserved in poultry over the winter and spring in central Europe from December 2019 (n=334).Genetic analysis of the HPAI A(H5N8) viruses isolated during this reporting period from Bulgaria and Hungary did not identify any major changes compared tothe viruses collected in the respective countries during the first months of 2020. This suggests a persistence of the virus in the two countries rather than new introductions via infectedwild birds. HPAI A(H5N8) virus has been detected in poultry and wild birds in western Russia within the reporting period, and as of the middle of September also in Kazakhstan. The presence of HPAI virus in western Russiaand in north Kazakhstan,spatially associated with autumnmigration routes of wild waterbirds, is of concern due to the possible spread of the virus via wild birds migrating to the EU.It is highly recommended thatMember States take appropriate measures to promptly detect suspected cases of HPAI, including increasing biosecurity measures. According to past experiences (2005-2006 and 2016-2017 epidemic waves), the northern and eastern European areas might be at higher risk of virus introduction in the coming autumn-winter seasonand should be the key regions where prompt response measures to early detect the virusshould be set up. One human case due to A(H9N2) avian influenza virus infection was reported during the reporting period.
2020年5月16日至8月15日期间，欧洲报告了7起家禽高致病性禽流感（HPAI）A（H5N8）病毒疫情，其中保加利亚报告1起疫情（n = 1），匈牙利报告6起疫情（n = 6），意大利报告1起家禽低致病性禽流感（LPAI）A（H5N3）病毒疫情。在匈牙利检测到的6起疫情均为继发疫情，似乎是2019年12月（n = 334）以来中欧家禽中观察到的HPAI A（H5N8）疫情的尾声。在此报告期内从保加利亚和匈牙利分离出的HPAI A（H5N8）病毒的基因分析表明，与2020年头几个月在各自国家收集的病毒相比，未发现任何重大变化。这表明该病毒在这两个国家持续存在，而非通过受感染的野生鸟类重新引入。在报告期内，俄罗斯西部的家禽和野生鸟类中检测到了HPAI A（H5N8）病毒，截至9月中旬，哈萨克斯坦也检测到了该病毒。俄罗斯西部和哈萨克斯坦北部存在HPAI病毒，在空间上与野生水鸟的秋季迁徙路线相关，由于该病毒可能通过野生鸟类迁徙传播至欧盟，因此令人担忧。强烈建议各成员国采取适当措施，及时发现HPAI疑似病例，包括加强生物安全措施。根据以往经验（2005 - 2006年和2016 - 2017年疫情波），北欧和东欧地区在即将到来的秋冬季节可能面临更高的病毒引入风险，应成为及时建立早期检测病毒的快速反应措施的关键地区。报告期内报告了1例A（H9N2）禽流感病毒感染的人类病例。
