Adlhoch Cornelia, Fusaro Alice, Kuiken Thijs, Monne Isabella, Smietanka Krzysztof, Staubach Christoph, Muñoz Guajardo Irene, Baldinelli Francesca
EFSA J. 2019 Sep 27;17(9):e05843. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5843. eCollection 2019 Sep.
Between 16 February and 15 August 2019, five HPAI A(H5N8) outbreaks at poultry establishments in Bulgaria, two low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A(H5N1) outbreaks in poultry in Denmark and one in captive birds in Germany, one LPAI A(H7N3) outbreak in poultry in Italy and one LPAI A(H7N7) outbreak in poultry in Denmark were reported in Europe. Genetic characterisation reveals that viruses from Denmark cluster with viruses previously identified in wild birds and poultry in Europe; while the Italian isolate clusters with LPAI viruses circulating in wild birds in Central Asia. No avian influenza outbreaks in wild birds were notified in Europe in the relevant period for this report. A decreased number of outbreaks in poultry and wild birds in Asia, Africa and the Middle East was reported during the time period for this report, particularly during the last three months. Furthermore, only six affected wild birds were reported in the relevant time period of this report. Currently there is no evidence of a new HPAI virus incursion from Asia into Europe. However, passive surveillance systems may not be sensitive for early detection if the prevalence or case fatality in wild birds is very low. Therefore, it is important to encourage and maintain passive surveillance in Europe encouraging a search for carcasses of wild bird species that are in the revised list of target species in order to detect any incursion of HPAI virus early and initiate warning. No human infections due to HPAI viruses - detected in wild birds and poultry outbreaks in Europe - have been reported during the last years and the risk of zoonotic transmission to the general public in Europe is considered very low.
2019年2月16日至8月15日期间，欧洲报告了保加利亚家禽养殖场发生的5起高致病性禽流感A(H5N8)疫情、丹麦家禽发生的2起低致病性禽流感A(H5N1)疫情、德国圈养鸟类发生的1起低致病性禽流感A(H5N1)疫情、意大利家禽发生的1起低致病性禽流感A(H7N3)疫情以及丹麦家禽发生的1起低致病性禽流感A(H7N7)疫情。基因特征分析表明，丹麦的病毒与欧洲此前在野生鸟类和家禽中发现的病毒聚类；而意大利的分离株与中亚野生鸟类中传播的低致病性禽流感病毒聚类。在本报告的相关时间段内，欧洲未通报野生鸟类发生禽流感疫情。在本报告所述时间段内，亚洲、非洲和中东地区家禽和野生鸟类的疫情数量有所减少，特别是在过去三个月。此外，在本报告的相关时间段内仅报告了6只受影响的野生鸟类。目前没有证据表明有新的高致病性禽流感病毒从亚洲传入欧洲。然而，如果野生鸟类中的流行率或病死率非常低，则被动监测系统可能对早期检测不敏感。因此，重要的是在欧洲鼓励并维持被动监测工作，鼓励寻找修订后的目标物种名单中的野生鸟类物种尸体以尽早发现高致病性禽流感病毒的任何传入并发出预警。过去几年中，欧洲在野生鸟类和家禽疫情中未报告因高致病性禽流感病毒导致的人类感染情况，并且认为高致病性禽流感病毒向欧洲普通公众进行人畜共患传播的风险非常低。
