Surasorn Benyapha, Sukon Peerapol, Sornplang Pairat
Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Industry, Surindra Rajabhat, University, Surin, 32000, Thailand.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Research Program on Toxic Substances, Microorganisms and Feed Additives in Livestock and Aquatic Animals for Food Safety, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Vet World. 2024 Oct;17(10):2338-2346. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.2338-2346. Epub 2024 Oct 17.
Antimicrobial resistance in poultry farms is a significant global public health concern that has led farmers to explore alternative antibiotics, such as prebiotics in poultry production. This study aimed to examine the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic shallot extract (ESE) and the effects of adding shallot powder (SP) to broiler feed on broiler growth, immune response to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccination, and gastrointestinal tract bacteria.
We determined the antimicrobial effects of ESE against O157:H7 (EOH) and TISTR 2365 (L2365) using the agar well diffusion method. We used a complete randomized design to assign 120 1-day-old Arbor Acre chicks to six groups with four replicates of five broiler chickens over 42 days. The treatment groups were as follows: T1-basal diet (B) + NDV vaccination (positive control), T2-B (negative control), T3-B + 2 g SP per kg of feed, T4-B + 2 g SP per kg of feed + NDV, T5-B + 4 g SP per kg of feed, and T6-B + 4 g SP per kg of feed + NDV.
The minimum inhibitory concentrations of ESE on EOH and L2365 were 62.50 and 125.00 mg/mL, respectively. The body weight gain, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio in the 4 g SP of T5 and T6 groups were significantly improved compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). The immune organ (IO) and thymus gland weights in the T4 group were significantly greater than those observed in the positive and negative control groups (p < 0.05). The IO weights of the bursae of Fabricius and spleen tended to be greater in the T4 group than in the other groups. T5 group broilers had the highest ratio of villus height to crypt depth. The humoral immunity titers against NDV vaccination were improved in the SP-supplemented groups compared with the non-supplemented groups (p > 0.05). SP supplementation reduced the levels of coliform (p < 0.05) and E. coli in the broiler intestine by adding 4 of SP per kg of feed. However, L2365 was more tolerant to ESE and tended to increase in line with increased SP levels.
ESE showed strong antimicrobial activity to reduce harmful bacteria, and SP supplementation may exhibit prebiotic effects to increase broiler chicken growth, immunity, and microbial balance.
家禽养殖场的抗菌药物耐药性是一个重大的全球公共卫生问题，这促使养殖户探索替代抗生素，如家禽生产中的益生元。本研究旨在检测乙醇提取物（ESE）的抗菌活性以及在肉鸡饲料中添加葱粉（SP）对肉鸡生长、新城疫病毒（NDV）疫苗免疫反应和胃肠道细菌的影响。
我们采用琼脂孔扩散法测定了ESE对O157:H7（EOH）和TISTR 2365（L2365）的抗菌效果。我们采用完全随机设计，将120只1日龄的艾维茵肉鸡分配到6组，每组5只肉鸡，重复4次，为期42天。处理组如下：T1-基础日粮（B）+NDV疫苗接种（阳性对照），T2-B（阴性对照），T3-B+每千克饲料添加2克SP，T4-B+每千克饲料添加2克SP+NDV，T5-B+每千克饲料添加4克SP，T6-B+每千克饲料添加4克SP+NDV。
ESE对EOH和L2365的最低抑菌浓度分别为62.50和125.00毫克/毫升。与其他组相比，T5和T6组每千克饲料添加4克SP时，体重增加、平均日增重和饲料转化率显著提高（p<0.05）。T4组的免疫器官（IO）和胸腺重量显著高于阳性和阴性对照组（p<0.05）。T4组法氏囊和脾脏的IO重量倾向于高于其他组。T5组肉鸡的绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值最高。与未添加组相比，添加SP的组对NDV疫苗接种的体液免疫效价有所提高（p>0.05）。每千克饲料添加4克SP可降低肉鸡肠道中的大肠菌群（p<|FunctionCallBegin|[{"name":"GptPluginFunctionCallExecutor","parameters": {"name":"translate","parameters": {"input":"0.05"}}}]|FunctionCallEnd|）和大肠杆菌水平。然而，L2365对ESE的耐受性更强，且随着SP水平的增加有增加的趋势。
ESE显示出强大的抗菌活性以减少有害细菌，添加SP可能具有益生元作用，可促进肉鸡生长、提高免疫力并维持微生物平衡。
