Hitl Maja, Kladar Nebojša, Gavarić Neda, Božin Biljana
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Planta Med. 2021 Apr;87(4):273-282. doi: 10.1055/a-1301-8648. Epub 2020 Dec 7.
Rosmarinic acid is a phenolic compound commonly found in the Lamiaceae (Labiateae) plant species. It is considered responsible for a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities of plants containing this compound. The aim of the current review is to present the fate of rosmarinic acid inside the human body, explained through pharmacokinetic steps and to briefly present the health benefits of RA. Pharmacokinetics was at first studied in animal models, but several studies were conducted in humans as well. This compound can be applied topically, pulmonary, intranasally, and intravenous infusion. However, peroral application is the main route of entry into the human body. Presumably, it is mainly metabolized by the gut microflora, providing simple, more easily absorbed phenolic units. Inside the body, the rosmarinic acid molecule undergoes structural changes, as well as conjugation reactions. Renal excretion represents the main path of elimination. Previously conducted studies reported no serious adverse effects of herbal remedies containing RA, as well as their positive effects on human health. In addition to studies, clinical investigations suggested its benefits in dermatological, allergic, and osteoarthritic disorders, as well as for improving cognitive performance and in metabolic syndrome treatment. Future studies should investigate the kinetics during long-term application in patients who would have potential benefits from RA usage. Pharmaceutical formulations designed to prevent the fast metabolism of RA and allow its penetration into other compartments of the human body are also interesting topics for future research.
迷迭香酸是一种常见于唇形科植物中的酚类化合物。它被认为是含有该化合物的植物具有广泛生物学和药理活性的原因。本综述的目的是通过药代动力学步骤解释迷迭香酸在人体内的代谢过程，并简要介绍迷迭香酸对健康的益处。药代动力学最初是在动物模型中进行研究的，但也有一些在人体上开展的研究。这种化合物可以局部、经肺部、经鼻以及静脉输注给药。然而，口服是其进入人体的主要途径。据推测，它主要由肠道微生物群代谢，产生简单且更易吸收的酚类单元。在体内，迷迭香酸分子会发生结构变化以及结合反应。肾脏排泄是其主要的消除途径。先前进行的研究报告称，含有迷迭香酸的草药制剂没有严重不良反应，并且对人体健康有积极作用。除了研究之外，临床调查表明其在皮肤病、过敏和骨关节炎疾病方面有益处，还可用于改善认知能力以及治疗代谢综合征。未来的研究应调查长期应用于可能从迷迭香酸使用中获益的患者时的药代动力学情况。设计用于防止迷迭香酸快速代谢并使其能够渗透到人体其他部位的药物制剂也是未来研究的有趣课题。
