Curcio Manuela, Cirillo Giuseppe, Rouaen Jourdin R C, Saletta Federica, Nicoletta Fiore Pasquale, Vittorio Orazio, Iemma Francesca
Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Children's Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2031, NSW, Australia.
Pharmaceutics. 2020 Dec 6;12(12):1183. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121183.
Targeted drug delivery systems represent valuable tools to enhance the accumulation of therapeutics in the brain. Here, the presence of the blood brain barrier strongly hinders the passage of foreign substances, often limiting the effectiveness of pharmacological therapies. Among the plethora of materials used for the development of these systems, natural polysaccharides are attracting growing interest because of their biocompatibility, muco-adhesion, and chemical versatility which allow a wide range of carriers with tailored physico-chemical features to be synthetized. This review describes the state of the art in the field of targeted carriers based on natural polysaccharides over the last five years, focusing on the main targeting strategies, namely passive and active transport, stimuli-responsive materials and the administration route. In addition, in the last section, the efficacy of the reviewed carriers in each specific brain diseases is summarized and commented on in terms of enhancement of either blood brain barrier (BBB) permeation ability or drug bioavailability in the brain.
靶向给药系统是增强治疗药物在大脑中蓄积的重要工具。在此，血脑屏障的存在严重阻碍了外来物质的通过，常常限制了药物治疗的效果。在用于开发这些系统的大量材料中，天然多糖因其生物相容性、粘膜粘附性和化学多功能性而越来越受到关注，这些特性使得能够合成具有定制物理化学特性的多种载体。本综述描述了过去五年基于天然多糖的靶向载体领域的研究现状，重点关注主要的靶向策略，即被动和主动转运、刺激响应材料以及给药途径。此外，在最后一部分，对所综述的载体在每种特定脑部疾病中的疗效进行了总结，并就其增强血脑屏障（BBB）渗透能力或脑部药物生物利用度方面进行了评论。
